Renal Physiology Flashcards
What are 5 things that the kidneys do?
1- regulate body fluid asmolity and volume
2- regulate electrolyte balance
3-regulate acid-base balance
4-produce and excrete hormones
5-excrete metabolic products and foreign substances
What are two fluid compartments?
-> intracellar fluids
->extracellular fluids
What do extracellular fluids contain (2)
-interstitial fluids
-blood plasma
Define osmoregulation?
Maintenance of constant/nearly constant osmotic pressure
What are two types of regulation?
- osmoregulation
- ionic regulation
Define ionic regulation
- maintenance of constant of nearly constant concentration of an organic ion
What is volume regulation ?
- regulation of the total amount of water in a body fluid
Name 4 major organs?
1) urinary bladder
2)kidneys
3)ureters
4)urethra
Name 4 functions of these organs?
(1) stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
(2) controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
(3) excretes waste products from the blood
(4) regulations blood ion concentration and PH
What are 4 major functions of the urinary system?
—> removal of waste products from blood E.g- urea
—>elimination- discharge of these waste products into environments
—> osmoregulation
—> retention- of substances vital to body such as protein and glucose
Outline the urea cycle;
-> major end product of nitrogen metabolism, ammonia is toxic in small amounts must be removed from the body
-> involves the conversion reactions of ammonia into urea
-> occur in liver, urea transported to kidneys where it is excreted
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Forms filtrate and tubules process the filtrate to form urine
Define the function of ultrafiltration
Blood pressure produced by the heart drives ultrafiltration
What is the function of the loop of Henle?
Reabsorption of water
What is the function of distal convoluted tube/collecting duct?
- facultative water reabsorption under hormonal control
