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Pathophys - Nat > Repro > Flashcards

Repro Flashcards

1
Q

endometrial hyperplasia is usually caused by

A

abnormal hormone production

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2
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

usually starts with a singular STI or microbe, but considered a polymicrobial disease
death often caused by septic shock

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3
Q

majority of cervical carcinomas are this type

A

squamous cell

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4
Q

endometrial cancer occurs most in this age group

A

post-menopause

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5
Q

cervical cancer most common cause

A

HPV

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6
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding may be defined as:

A

bleeding that occurs when there is no demonstrable organic cause

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7
Q

lab result that is associated with amenorrhea due to ovarian failure

A

increased FSH

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8
Q

amenorrhea with low FSH is likely caused by a disorder of the hypothalamus, the pituitary, or the ovaries?

A

hypothalamus or pituitary

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9
Q

biological changes of menopause are associated with what hormone change?

A

diminished estradiol/estrogen

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10
Q

levels of estrogen [increase/decrease] during the follicular phase of ovarian cycle

A

increase

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11
Q

sustained stimulation by FSH during the follicular phase of ovarian cycle causes:

A

increased production of estrogen

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12
Q

estrogen production occurs in the follicular cells of ovaries upon stimulation by:

A

FSH and LH

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13
Q

dysmenorrhea definition

A

painful menstruation r/t uterine crampin

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14
Q

cause of primary dysmenorrhea

A

increased prostaglandin F2 levels; NOT a pelvic disease

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15
Q

cause of secondary dysmenorrhea

A

any other disease process besides prostaglandins, physical disorder – polyps, PID, endometriosis, etc

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16
Q

amenorrhea is physiologic in what populations?

A

pregnancy, prepubescence, menopause

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17
Q

the majority type of cervical carcinomas

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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18
Q

prevalence of fibrocystic breast disease

A

at least 50%

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19
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma is generally [painful/not painful]

A

NOT painful

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20
Q

skin dimpling of breasts is usually a sign of:

A

late stage breast cancer

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21
Q

fibroadenomas are [benign/malignant]

A

benign

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22
Q

dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis would cause what hormonal changes?

A

decreased FSH and decrease production of sperm

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23
Q

the majority type of cervical carcinomas

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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24
Q

prevalence of fibrocystic breast disease

A

at least 50%

25
Q

treatment for cryptorchidism

A

LH, surgery (orchiopexy)

26
Q

skin dimpling of breasts is usually a sign of:

A

late stage breast cancer

27
Q

fibroadenomas are [benign/malignant]

A

benign

28
Q

dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis would cause what hormonal changes?

A

decreased FSH and decrease production of sperm

29
Q

cryptorchidism definition

A

failure of testes to descend

30
Q

priapism [is/is not] a medical emergency; and define

A

IS a medical emergency

persistent erection of penis

31
Q

problem of testicular torsion

A

ischemia secondary to cut off blood flow

32
Q

hydrocele definition

A

fluid filled sac in tunica vaginalis

33
Q

varicocele definition

A

abnormal dilation of veins that drain the testes

34
Q

BPH definition

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia;
benign fibroadenomatous nodules;
can cause urinary obstruction

35
Q

priapism [is/is not] a medical emergency; and define

A

IS

persistent erection of penis

36
Q

prostatitis is usually caused by

A

E. coli, chronic untreated gonorrhea

37
Q

characteristics of secondary syphilis

A

stage 2; widespread rash, nonspecific other symptoms

38
Q

what male population is more susceptible to penile carcinoma?

A

uncircumcised

39
Q

percentage of cancers in men that are prostate cancer

A

20%

40
Q

stages of syphilis during which individuals are most contagious

A

primary and secondary

41
Q

characteristics of primary syphilis

A

stage 1; canchres

42
Q

characteristics of secondary syphilis

A

stage 2; widespread rash

43
Q

true or false: prostate glands containing prostatic adenocarcinoma may or may not be enlarged

A

true

44
Q

ophthalmia neonatorum is caused by what bacteria

A

neisseria gonorrhea

45
Q

benign tumors derived from smooth muscle are called

A

leiomyomas/ fibroid tumors

46
Q

condylomata acuminata infection is also called

A

genital warts (HPV)

47
Q

purpose of Pap smear

A

detection of cervical lesions that may be pre-neoplastic or neoplastic

48
Q

true or false: prostate glands containing prostatic adenocarcinoma may or may not be enlarged

A

true

49
Q

causes of endometriosis are [well known/not well known]

A

not well known

50
Q

benign tumors derived from smooth muscle are called

A

leiomyomas/ fibroid tumors

51
Q

leiomyomas are [common/uncommon]

A

common

52
Q

most common type of ovarian cancer

A

epithelial carcinoma

53
Q

ovarian cysts contain:

A

fluid

54
Q

causes of endometriosis are [well known/not well known]

A

not well known

55
Q

treatment for endometrial hyperplasia/polyps

A

D&C

56
Q

endometriosis is likely caused by:

A

retrograde menstrual flow

57
Q

cystocele definition (female)

A

herniation of urinary bladder into vagina

58
Q

cancer of vulva initial appearance

A

thickening of vulvar skin

59
Q

leading cause of cancer deaths in males

A

prostate

Pathophys - Nat (6 decks)

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