Repro - Differneces between sex

Question 1

What bony landmarks make up the pelvic inlet?

Answer 1

Promontory of the sacrum
Ala of the sacrum
Arcuate line of the ileum
Pecten Pubis 
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis

Question 2

How do you tell a male from female pelvis?

Answer 2

Mens are:

• Heavier & Thicker
• Taller and narrower
• Smaller pelvic outlet relative to pelvic size
• Narrow sub-pubic angle
• Round rather than oval obturator foraman
• Heart shaped inlet (Rather than round)
• Larger acetabulum

Question 3

What bony landmarks make up the pelvic outlet?

Answer 3

Pubic symphysis
Inferior rami of pubis
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Tip of coccyx

Question 4

What is the true and false pelvis?

Answer 4

lesser or true pelvis is below the pelvic inlet, greater or false is above.

Question 5

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 5

Synovial Plane

Question 6

What of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 6

Secondary Cartilaginous

Question 7

What forms the anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 7

Bodies and rami of the pubic bones & pubic symphysis

Question 8

What forms the lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 8

Obturator internus

Piriformis

Question 9

What spaces are formed by the obturator internus?

Answer 9

Greater sciatic foramen

Lesser Sciatic foramen

Question 10

What muscle forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 10

Piriformis

Question 11

What nerve network sits on the piriformis?

Answer 11

Sacral Plexus (S1-4)

Question 12

What muscles form the pelvic floor?

Answer 12

LEvator Ani

Posteriorly –> Coccygeus

Question 13

Levator Ani is muscle group, what are its constituent parts?

Answer 13

Ant-Post:

• Puborectalis
• Pubococcygeous
• Iliococcygeous

Question 14

What is the anocccygeal body?

Answer 14

Mass of fibromusclar tissue where the LEvator ani meet in the middle, posterior to the anus

Question 15

What is the perineal body?

Answer 15

A mass of fibromuscular tissue between vaginal & anal openings of the pelvic floor.
Many muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor attach here including the levator ani

Question 16

Whats the function of the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

Answer 16

To maintain continence

Support pelvic viscera

Question 17

Describe the innervation of the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

Answer 17

Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

Question 18

Define cystoceole and rectocoele?

Answer 18

Hernitation of bladder or rectum into the vaginal due to weakening of the wall

Question 19

Why do an episiotomy, and why do a mediolateral over a midline?

Answer 19

To make a difficult delivery easier and prevent tearing/rupturing.

Mediolateral is less like to become contaminated (Further from anus) and less likely to involve the anus or rectum

Question 20

Where does the blood supply to the pelvic organs come from?

Answer 20

The internal iliac arteries

More detailed blood vessels can be found in the workbook

Question 21

What arteries supply the bladder, seminal gland an prostate of men?

Answer 21

Superior and inferior vesicle arteries

Question 22

Where do the Sup and Inf Vesicle arteries originate?

Answer 22

Sup from Umbilical Art

Inf from the internal Iliac

Question 23

What artery supplys blood to the uterus and where does it originate?

Answer 23

Uterine Art

From the internal iliac

Question 24

What artery supplies blood tot he rectum?

Answer 24

Sup rectal Art - from Inf Mesenteric

Middle & Inf rectal art - From Internal Iliac

Question 25

What artery supplies the vagina & base of bladder in women?

Answer 25

Vaginal Artery, sourced from uterine artery

Question 26

What artery supplies the perineum and where does it come from?

Answer 26

The Internal Pudendal Art. Its a branch of the Internal Iliac

Question 27

What does the obturator artery supply and where does it originate?

Answer 27

- Obturator internus - Femur - Medial compartment of the thigh Internal Iliac

Question 28

What veins drain the pelvic structures?

Answer 28

- Internal Iliac - Rectal veins - Median Sacral - Gonadal - Internal Vertebral Venous plexus

Question 29

Where do the rectal veins drain to?

Answer 29

Sup drains to the portal circulation | The Middle/inf drain to the systemic circulation

Question 30

How might cirrhosis affect the rectal venous system?

Answer 30

Cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension | This can cause rectal varices due to the superior rectal vein draining into the portal system

Question 31

The prostatic venous plexus drains the prostate, where does it communicate on its posterior side?

Answer 31

With the vesicle plexuses

Question 32

What are the primary somatic nerves supplying the pelvis?

Answer 32

L1 --> Ilioinguinal Nerve L1/2 --> Genitofemoral Nerve Sacral Plexus S2/3/4 --> Pudendal Nerve

Question 33

Where does the illioinguinal nerve travel?

Answer 33

L1 -> Superficial Inguinal Ring | Then supplies the skin at root of penis and labia

Question 34

Where does the genitofemoral nerve travel?

Answer 34

L1-2 --> Deep Inguinal Ring | Then supplies Scrotal skin, cremaster muscle and dartos fascia in men

Question 35

Where does the pudendal nerve travel?

Answer 35

Follows the course of the pudendal artery. | It travels from pelvis to perineum via the gluteal region

Question 36

Where does the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis originate?

Answer 36

L1-2 and travels via the hypogastric plexus

Question 37

What does the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis actually supply?

Answer 37

Goes via hypogastric plexus to: - Vas deferens - Seminal Vesicles - Prostate - Epididymis In women it supplies the female genital tract via the pelvic and ovarian plexuses

Question 38

Where does the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis originate?

Answer 38

S2-4

Question 39

What does the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis actually supply?

Answer 39

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-4) supply the female genital tract Parasympathetic fibres (S2-4) go through hypogastric plexus to innervate erectile tissue in men & women.

Question 40

List the erectile tissues in both genders?

Answer 40

Corpus Cavernosa of the penis Clitoris Vestibular bulbs in both genders

Question 41

What are the 4 main lymph node groups draining the pelvis?

Answer 41

- External Iliac - Internal Iliac - Sacral - Common Iliac

Question 42

What structures drain to the external iliac nodes?

Answer 42

``` Abdominal Wall Glans penis/clitoris Membranous urethra Prostate Cervix Upper Vagina Fundus of Bladder ```

Question 43

What structures drain to the internal iliac nodes?

Answer 43

Gluteal Region Deep Perineum Inferior Pelvic Viscera

Question 44

What structures drain to the sacral nodes?

Answer 44

Rectum | Posterior Wall of pelvis

Question 45

What structures drain to the common iliac nodes?

Answer 45

Drains from the external, internal and sacral lymph nodes