Repro - Female Flashcards
(44 cards)
What structures constitute the birth canal?
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
What are the layers of the uterus?
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Describe the ligaments around the uterus?
Fascial Ligaments:
- Pubocervical
- Sacrocervical
- Cardinal aka transverse cervical
Broad ligament
(The above ones support the uterus)
Round ligament travels through broad ligament
Ovarian ligament connects ovary to uterus
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteflexed
Anteverted
What happens if the uterus is very retroverted or retroflexed?
Prolapse during early pregnancy
Why is it important to know the position of the uterus during surgical management of miscarriage?
To minimise risk of perforation of the uterus with instrumentation
What do we call the peritoneal pouches ant and post to the uterus?
Rectouterine pouch and uterovesical pouch
What are the fornixes of the vagina?
Arches found just distal to the cervix
What links the fornixes and peritoneal pouches clinically?
The posterior fornix can access the rectouterine pouch.
Pathologies can spread this way such as pus, tumours or endometriosis
What does the cardinal or transverse cervical ligament connect?
Cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
Name the sections of the fallopian tube?
From ovary –> Uterus:
- Infundibulum
- Ampullary Region
- Isthmus
- Intramural or Uterine part
What parts of the fallopian tube are longest and widest?
Ampullary region
Where does fertilization occur in the fallopian tube?
Ampullary region
What is an ectopic or tubal pregnancy?
Embryo implants & grows outside the uterus
What is a cornual ectopic pregnancy?
Pregnancy in the intramural fallopian tube, the part that traverse the uterine muscular wall
What ligaments are associated with the ovary?
Ovarian ligament from uterus -> ovary
Suspensory Ligament of ovary from lateral pelvic wall -> Ovary
Where does the ovarian artery arise and travel?
From the Abdominal Aorta at L2
Descends within the suspensory ligament and supplies the ovaries via the broad ligament
(Anastomoses with the uterine artery and is sometimes replaced by it)
Where do the ovarian veins drain?
Left into Left Renal Vein
Right into IVC
Describe the passage of the uterine artery?
Crosses over ureter at the level of ischial spine at junction of cervix & lateral part of the vagina’s fornix.
Why is the passes of the uterine artery important to understand?
Iatrogenic injury of the ureter is not uncommon when ligating the uterine artery during hysterectomy
Where does lymph from the labia and distal vagina go?
To the inguinal nodes
Where does lymph from the ovaries go?
To the Paraaortic nodes at L2
Where does lymph from the fundus and upper uterine body go?
To the pre-aortic lymph nodes
Where does lymph from most of the uterine body go?
Internal Iliac lymph nodes
