Repro - Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the perineum found?

A

Inf to the pelvic diaphragm, being the most inferior portion of the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures are within the boundaries of the perineum?

A
  • external Genitalia
  • Perineal Muscles
  • Anal Canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we divide the peroneum up ?

A

Into two triangles:

  • Anterior or Urogenital (Inf to Pubic symphisis)
  • Posterior or Anal (Ant/inf to coccyx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the peritoneal membrane?

A

A thin sheet of deep fascia stretching between the right and left pubic arch below the symphisis
Ext genitalia are affixed to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Your’e looking at the perineum from underneath with the skin etc cut away. Name the 4 major perineal muscles?

A

Ischiocaverosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial & deep Transverse Perineal Muscles
Ext Anal Sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nerve innervates the perineal muscles?

A

Muscular branch of the perineal nerve, itself a branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of the Ischiocavernosus?

A

Stabilizes erect penis
Tenses Vagina during orgasm
Flexes Anus in both genders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of the Bulbospongiosus?

A

Erection (penile & clitoral)

Contractures of orgasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of the superficial perineal muscle?

A

FIxes the perineal body in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of the deep perineal muscle?

A

Fixes perineal body
Supports pelvic floor
Expels semen and last drops of urine (both genders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Central tendon of the perineum. Its found between the vagina/penis and anus.

The Ext Anal sphincter, Bulbospongiosus, Superficial/deep transverse perineal muscles and Ant fibres of levator ani all converge here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the perineal body clinically significant as part of reproduction ?

A

It can tear during vaginal birth which predisposes to prolapse of the uterus, rectum or bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we avoid the perineal body and surrounding tisuses tearing during birth?

A

Episiotomy, ideally mediolateral or lateral rather than midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

We have two pouches or potential spaces in our perineum, what are they called and what traverses them?

A

Superifical and Deep Perineal Pouch/space

The Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What space is the ext urinery sphincter found?

A

Deep Perineal Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the Int Urinary SPhincter found?

A

In the Subperitoneal space

17
Q

What muscle is found in the deep perineal space?

A

Deep Transverse perineal muscle

18
Q

What are the widest and narrowest parts of the urethra?

A

Widest is the prostatic
Narrowest is the membranous (as it passes through the ext urethral sphincter)

Penile or spongy is somewhere in between

19
Q

What “structure” allows the anal canal to expand when you defecate?

A

The Ischio-anal or Ischio-rectal fossae

20
Q

Where are the ischio-anal fossae found?

A

Inferior to the pelvic floor and lateral to the anal canal

21
Q

What is found in the ischio-anal fossae?

A

Adipose tissue, this along with proximity to bowel makes it vulnerable to infections

Pudendal Canal contents

22
Q

What is included in the pudendal canal and how does it enter the ischio-anal canal?

A

Internal Pudendal Art
Internal Pudenal Vein
Pudendal Nerve

It’s the site of a pudendal nerve block and enteres the ischio-anal fossae through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen