Repro Presentations Flashcards by William MacDonald

Androgen insensitivity syndrome clinical presentation and reproductive organ abnormalities

Present at puberty with primary amenorrhoea and lack of pubic hair

Testis develop but don’t descend
Female external genitalia
Absence of uterus and ovaries and short vagina

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Features of obstructive male infertility

Normal testicular volume
Normal secondary sexual characteristics
Vas deferens may be absent
Normal LH, FSH and testosterone

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Features of non-obstructive male infertility

Low testicular volume
Reduced secondary sexual characteristics
Vas deferens present
High LH, FSH and maybe low testosterone

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Pelvic inflammatory disease presentation

Post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

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Presentation of mycoplasma genitalium infection

Non-gonococcal urethritis

PID

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Presentation of gonorrhoea in females

Asymptomatic (up to 50%)
Increased/altered discharge
Dysuria
Pelvic pain (<5%)
Pharyngeal and rectal usually asymptomatic

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Presentation of primary HIV and how long after infection symptoms occur?

Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/aseptic meningitis

2-4 weeks after infection

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What causes cervical shock and what are the presenting symptoms?

Vaso-vagal effect of POC passing through cervix causes reflex bradycardia
Symptoms:
Cramps
N&amp;V
Sweating
Fainting

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Ectopic pregnancy presentation.

Pain more than bleeding
Dizziness
Collapse
SOB
Shoulder tip pain
Pallor
Haemodynamic instability
Peritonism

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Molar pregnancy presentation

Hyperemesis
Bleeding and passage of grape like tissue
Fundus is larger than dates
Ocassionally shortness of breath (molar tissue can embolise)

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Implantation bleeding presentation

Around 10 days post-ovulation
Bleeding is light/brownish and limited
Soon signs of pregnancy emerge
Occ mistaken for period
Usually settles and pregnancy continues

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Presentation of chorionic haematoma

Bleeding
Cramping
Threatened miscarriage
Usually self limiting and resolves

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Large for dates definition

Symphyseal-fundal height >2cm for gestational age

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Clinical features of polyhydramnios

Abdo discomfort
Pre-labour rupture of membranes
Preterm labour
Cord prolapse
Large for dates
Malpresentation
Tense shiny abdomen
Inability to feel foetal parts

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Symptoms and signs of multiple pregnancy

Exaggerated pregnancy symptoms (excessive sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum)
High AFP
Large for dates uterus
Multiple foetal poles

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Presentation of poor foetal growth

Predisposing factors
Fundal height less than expected
Reduced liquor
Reduced foetal movements

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Clinical features of anti-phospholipid syndrome in pregnancy

Arterial/venous thrombosis
Recurrent early pregnancy loss
Late pregnancy loss
Placental abruption
Severe early onset pre-eclampsia (PET)
Severe early onset foetal growth restriction (FGR)

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Presentation of HELLP syndrome (assoc with pre-eclampsia)

Haemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

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Symptoms of pre-eclampsia

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Headache
Visual disturbance
Epigastric/RUQ pain
N&amp;V
Rapidly progressing oedema

Signs of pre-eclampsia

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Hypertension
Proteinuria
Oedema
Abdo tenderness
Disorientation
Small for gestational age (SGA) foetus
Intra-uterine death
Hyper-reflexia/involuntary movements/clonus

Presentation of crises in pre-eclampsia.

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Eclampsia (seizures)
HELLP syndrome
Pulmonary oedema
Placental abruption
Cerebral haemorrhage
Cortical blindness
DIC
Acute renal failure
Hepatic rupture

Baby blues presentation and disease course

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Tearful
Irritable
Anxiety
Poor sleep
Confusion

Days 3-10 and is self-limiting

Puerperal psychosis risk factors

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Bipolar
Previous puerperal psychosis
1st degree relative with history

Puerperal psychosis typical time of onset

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Within 2 weeks of delivery

Puerperal psychosis early symptoms

Sleep disturbance Confusion Irrational ideas

Puerperal psychosis later symptoms

Mania Delusions Hallucinations Confusion

Postnatal depression time of onset and how long does it last?

2-6 weeks post natally | Lasts weeks to months

What is an antepartum haemorrhage?

Bleeding from the genital tract from 24+0 weeks gestation

Placental abruption symptoms

Severe continous abdo pain Bleeding (may be concealed) Preterm labour Maybe maternal collapse

Placental abruption signs

``` Signs inconsistent with revealed blood Uterine tenderness Woody hard uterus Foetal parts difficult to identify May be preterm labour Foetal bradycardia/intrauteruine death CTG shows irritable uterus ```

Placenta praevia symptoms

Painless bleeding >24 weeks; Usually unprovoked but coitus can trigger bleeding Bleeding can be minor eg spotting/ severe Fetal movements usually present

Placenta praevia signs

``` Condition proportional to amount of bleeding Uterus soft and non-tender Presenting part high Malpresentation CTG usually normal ```

Uterine rupture symptoms

Severe abdominal pain Shoulder-tip pain Maternal collapse PV bleeding

Uterine rupture signs

``` Intra-partum - loss of contractions Acute abdomen PP rises Loss of uterine contractions Peritonism Fetal distress / IUD ```

When will vasa praevia present and what will be the signs?

Presents at amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes) Sudden dark red bleeding Foetal bradycardia and death

Amniotic fluid embolus presentation

Profound foetal distress Sudden respiratory distress Seizure DIC

Cystocele presentation.

``` Dragging sensation Discomfort Feeling of a lump coming down Dyspareunia Backache Urinary urgency and frequency Incomplete bladder emptying Urinary retention if urethra is kinked ```

Rectocele presentation

``` Dragging sensation Discomfort Feeling of a lump coming down Dyspareunia Backache Constipation Difficulty with defaecation ```

Menopause presentation

Menstrual irregularities (irregularity then stopping) Vasomotor disturbances (sweats, palpitations, flushes) Vaginal and breast atrophy (can cause vaginal and urinary infection, dyspareunia, traumatic bleeding, stress incontinence, prolapse) Osteoporosis Insomnia Joint aches Headaches

Endometriosis presentation

Severe dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual pain Dyspareunia Subfertility

Ovarian cancer presentation

``` May be mass, swelling, Malignant ascites with protein exudate Heartburn/indigestion Early satiety Weight loss/anorexia Bloating Pressure symptoms esp bladder Change of bowel habit SOB/pleural effusion Leg oedema/DVT ```

Fibrocystic change presentation

``` Smooth discrete lumps Sudden pain Cyclical pain Lumpiness Incidental finding ```

Fibroadenoma presentation

3rd decade peak incidence Painless, firm, discrete mobile mass Solid on ultrasound

Duct ectasia presentation

``` Pain Acute episodic inflammatory changes Bloody or purulent discharge Fistulation Nipple retraction and distortion ```

Phyllodes tumour presentation

40-50 years old | Slow growing unilateral breast mass

Breast cancer symptoms

``` Dimpled/depressed skin Visible lump Nipple change e.g. inversion Bloody discharge Texture change Colour change ```

Repro Presentations Flashcards

(46 cards)