Reproduction

Question 1

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 1

Sac-like structures that secrete nutrient filled fluid that provides sperm cells with energy.

Question 2

What is the function of the Cowper’s gland?

Answer 2

Produces mucus that helps with movement of sperm.

Question 3

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 3

Skin surrounding the testes outside of the body. Maintains optimal temperature for sperm production.

Question 4

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 4

Produces an alkaline fluid to neutralise the acids in the vagina which kill sperm.

Question 5

What is the function of the sperm duct?

Answer 5

Transports sperm from epididymis to the urethra.

Question 6

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 6

Transports semen and urine out of the body.

Question 7

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 7

Sperm cells mature and are stored here.

Question 8

What is the function of Testes?

Answer 8

Consists of seminiferous tubules which produce sperm cells and testosterone.

Question 9

What is testosterone responsible for?

Answer 9

stimulation and maturing of sperm cells.
During puberty stimulates secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 10

What happens during an erection?

Answer 10

Penis swells due to blood rushing to penis, and fills erectile tissue which is prevented from leaving.

Question 11

What is the function of the ovary?

Answer 11

Produces egg cells and produces hormones progesterone and oestrogen.

Question 12

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

Answer 12

Connects ovaries to uterus. It is where fertilisation occurs.

Question 13

What is the function of the vagina?

Answer 13

Where an erect penis enters during intercourse.
Passage where baby is born.

Question 14

What is the function of the cervix?

Answer 14

Are between uterus and vagina. It stretches the allow baby through.

Question 15

What is the function of the uterus?

Answer 15

Carries, protects and nourishes the foetus during pregnancy.

Question 16

What is the function of the endometrium.

Answer 16

Inner lining of the uterus location where the embryo is implanted and where the placenta forms.

Question 17

What is it called when changes are happening in the body due to a release of hormones.

Answer 17

Puberty

Question 18

Explain the ovarian cycle

Answer 18

-Ovarian cycle occurs in the ovaries
-Oogonia form primary oocytes (n)
-This develops into Graafian Follicle by FSH released by pituitary gland
-Graafian follicle secretes oestrogen
-Oestrogen causes endometrium to thicken and prepare for implantation
-Secondary oocyte is discharged from GF and enters infundibulum
-Process is known as ovulation and occurs in 14 days
-Oestrogen then stops secretion of FSH
- pituitary gland starts secreting LH
-LH turns GF into Corpus luteum
-If fertilisation doesn’t happen CL will degenerate
_ If it does occur CL will continue to develop and secrete progesterone

Question 19

Describe menstrual cycle

Answer 19

• Occurs in the uterus
• Oestrogen and progesterone prepares uterus for implantation
• Hormones cause endometrium to become vascular and glandular
• If fertilisation does not occur CL degenerates
• Progesterone levels drop and uterus wall breaks down
• Contents passed out during menstruation
• menstruation occurs every 28 days

Question 20

How are males gametes formed

Answer 20

Spermatogenesis

diploid cells in the seminiferous tubules of testes undergo meiosis to form haploid sperm cells

Question 21

How are female gametes formed

Answer 21

oogenesis

Diploid cells in ovary undergo mitosis to form numerous follicles. Before puberty under the influence of FSH one cell enlarges and undergoes meiosis. One of four survive and mature.

Question 22

What is an Acrosome?

Answer 22

Contains digestive enzymes for wall of egg call

Question 23

What is the jelly layer of the ovum?

Answer 23

prevents too much sperm from entering ovum. Acting as a shock absorber to prevent injury to ovum.

Question 24

Explain negative feedback mechanism

Answer 24

Cl secretes progesterone
Progesterone inhibits FSH
CL breaks down and stops release of progesterone
So FSH can be released to stimulate follicles.

Question 25

What are the stages of Natural birth ?

Answer 25

Dilation of cervix Expulsion of foetus Delivery of the afterbirth and extra embryonic membranes

Question 26

Explain the development of the zygote to foetus

Answer 26

Male ejaculates in female during copulation Sperms travels vagina-uterus-fallopian tube towards egg cell Fertilisation occurs (sperm fuses with egg) creates ZYGOTE Zygote undergoes mitosis multiple times and forms morula (tiny ball of cells) Morula develops into a blastocyst which moves from Fallopian tube to uterus Attaches itself to endometrium during implantation Embryo takes 5-7 days to reach uterus Embryo produces villi which form outer membrane called chorion Villi also grow into tissue of the uterus to form placenta Umbilical cord connects embryo and placenta (2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein) Embryo is enclosed by amnion in amniotic fluid After 8 weeks limbs and organs have developed and it will now be considered a foetus

Question 27

What is gestation?

Answer 27

Period between fertilisation and birth (9 months)

Question 28

How does the amnion protect the embryo?

Answer 28

Protects It from shock Temp changes Prevents dehydration And prevents foetal movement

Question 29

What are the functions of the placenta ?

Answer 29

Diffusion of oxygen to the foetus and CO2 to the mother Diffusion of nutrients to the foetus and waste away from it Acts a germ filter Secretes progesterone to prevent endometrium shedding Secretes oestrogen to stimulate growth of uterus to accommodate for growth of foetus and stimulates growth of mammary glands