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General Biology II > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction?

A
  • binary fission
  • budding
  • gemmulation
  • fragmentation
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2
Q

what organisms use binary fission?

A

protista

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3
Q

what organisms use budding?

A

hydra

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4
Q

what organisms use gemmulation?

A

porifera

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5
Q

what organisms use fragmentation?

A

porifera + sea anemone

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6
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  • males don’t reproduce
  • females pass on only half of genes
  • more complex, time + energy consuming
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7
Q

what is the one advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

increased variability/adaptability

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8
Q

what are the stages of spermatogenesis in order?

A

1) spermatogonium
2) primary spermatocyte
3) secondary spermatocyte
4) spermatid
5) spermatozoa

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9
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatogonium?

A

diploid

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10
Q

what is the ploidy of primary spermatocyte?

A

diploid

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11
Q

what is the ploidy of secondary spermatocyte?

A

haploid

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12
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatid?

A

haploid

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13
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatozoa?

A

haploid

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14
Q

what stage of spermatogenesis is associated with meiosis I?

A

primary spermatocyte

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15
Q

what stage of spermatogenesis is associated with meiosis II?

A

secondary spermatocyte

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16
Q

where in the human body does spermatogenesis occur?

A

in seminiferous tubules of testes

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17
Q

what are the stages of oogenesis in order?

A

1) oogonium
2) primary oocyte
3) secondary oocyte
4) ootid
5) ovum

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18
Q

what is the ploidy of oogonium?

A

diploid

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19
Q

what is the ploidy of primary oocyte?

20
Q

what is the ploidy of secondary oocyte?

21
Q

what is the ploidy of ootid?

22
Q

what is the ploidy of ovum?

23
Q

where does oogenesis occur in the human body?

Study These Flashcards
A

in follicles of ovary

24
Q

In what stage of oogenesis does meiosis I occur?

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A

primary oocyte

25
In what stage of oogenesis does meiosis II occur?
secondary oocyte
26
In what stage of oogenesis does polar body occur?
secondary oocyte
27
For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the testes/seminiferous tubules?
sperm production
28
For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the epididymis?
sperm maturation
29
For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the vas deferens?
sperm storage + joins urethra
30
For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the penis?
accomplishes internal fertilization
31
For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the seminal vesicles/prostate gland/bulbourethral glands?
energy for sperm (fructose) + counteracts female acidity + liquid medium for sperm
32
what is semen?
sperm + glandular secretions
33
For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the ovary?
400,000 primary oocytes at puberty -> only about 400 will be ovulated
34
For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the oviduct/fallopian tubule/uterine tubule?
- cilia propel egg - vagina receives sperm - fertilization occurs in fallopian tubule
35
For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the uterus?
nourishes implanted embryo
36
Hypothalamus signals anterior pituitary to produce (day 1-3) what hormones?
FSH + LH + estrogen
37
what is the role of FSH?
follicle maturation
38
what is the role of LH?
estrogen from follicles
39
what is the role of estrogen?
uterus prepared -> endometrial lining thickens
40
A surge of _____ triggers ovulation.
LH
41
Ruptured follicle becomes what?
corpus luteum
42
what hormones does corpus luteum produce?
estrogen and progesterone
43
What happens when fertilization occurs?
- produces estrogen + progesterone - inhibits FSH and LH - placenta eventually produces estrogen and progesterone
44
What happens when fertilization does not occurs?
- Estrogen and progesterone decline + endometrium shrinks down = menstrual cycle - FSH and LH no longer inhibited -> cycle begins again
45
How do birth control pills work with respect to the hormones involved?
- estrogen + progesterone inhibit FSH + LH - inhibits follicle development and ovulation

General Biology II (16 decks)

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