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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Process that different organisms go through to produce offspring

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2
Q

Is sexual reproduction necessary for the survival of an individual organism

A

No, it’s only necessary for the survival of the species

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3
Q

What is extinction?

A

The total disappearance of an entire species

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4
Q

What is the process used in Sexual Reproduction?

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

The fusion of two different Gametes from two different parents

A

Sexual Reproduction

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6
Q

What are Gametes

A

Sex cells

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7
Q

What are the sex cells for a male and a female

A

Males: Sperm

Females: Eggs

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8
Q

How many chromosomes are in each sex cell

A

23

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9
Q

What is the biggest advantage of sexual reproduction

A

Genetic diversity

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10
Q

Creation of offspring from one parent with no fusion of gametes

A

Asexual reproduction

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11
Q

In a sexual reproduction is the offspring genetically identical to the parent?

A

Yes, the offspring is genetically identical to the parent

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12
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Two genetically identical copies of the parent Cell, both the same size

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13
Q

What type of cell division is sexual reproduction involved in?

A

Meiosis

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14
Q

What type of cell division is asexual reproduction involved in?

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

What is budding?

A

When a genetically identical organism gross from the body of the parent organism and detects when the reproduction is complete

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16
Q

when is mitosis involved in sexual reproduction?

A

After fertilization

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17
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A process that takes a cell and creates an exact duplicate of it

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18
Q

When are our cells undergo mitosis to create new cells and replace the damage/ old ones?

A

Ourselves constantly undergo mitosis to create new cells and replace the old ones

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19
Q

What is the daughter cell receive that is exactly the same as the mother cell

A

DNA

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20
Q

Why do multicellular organisms use mitosis

A

For growth and repair

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21
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Interface, Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

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22
Q

How do cancerous cells usually happen?

A

They usually have some kind of flaw in their DNA that is copied as the cell undergoes mitosis

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23
Q

Is cloning a type of asexual reproduction

A

Yes

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24
Q

When is an organism ready to reproduce?

A

When an animal grows matures and their cells will be ready to reproduce a.k.a. puberty

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25
What is the size of a sperm cell?
Small
26
What is the motility of a sperm cell?
Motile
27
What is the number of sperm cells
Around 200,000,00
28
Where are sperm cells produced?
In the testes
29
What is the size of an egg cell
Large
30
What is the motility of an egg cell?
Nonmotile
31
How many egg cells are there?
Few
32
Where are egg cells produced?
In the ovaries
33
What hormone is used in the testes to produce sperm?
Testosterone
34
What hormone is used in the ovaries to produce egg cells?
Estrogen
35
What are gonads?
Glands that are the site of gamete production
36
What are Ganetes
Sex cells involved in sexual reproduction
37
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg that results from a egg cell and sperm cell meeting
38
39
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
46
40
Type of cell division that produces gametes for sexual reproduction
Meiosis
41
What two gametes are only produced during meiosis
Sperm and egg cells
42
How many chromosomes does a body cell have?
46
43
Process of making sperm cell
Spermatogenesis
44
Process of making egg cells
Oogenesis
45
How many functional eggs are there?
1/4
46
Smaller cells that do not develop into eggs
A polar body
47
Process for a sperm nucleus, combining with an egg
Fertilization
48
What does fertilization make?
Is zygote
49
What does internal fertilization?
An adaption of land animals that allows for fertilization to happen within the organism
50
Where does external fertilization happen?
Takes place in the water outside of the female’s body
51
What is cleavage?
Rapid division of mitosis
52
What is gestation?
The period of time the embryo growth inside the mother’s uterus
53
How was early development caused?
By ongoing mitotic division
54
What are differentiated cells?
An undefined cell/no function is determined for it
55
What specialized cells?
Cells that become tissues and organs like skin, muscles, bone, heart, liver, kidneys, etc.
56
Non-non-identical twins that are produced when two different sperm cells fertilize two eggs
Fraternal twins
57
Produced when one sperm fertilizers one egg cells divide into two separate bundles during the early stages of my tide division from the zygote
Identical twins
58
What is the placenta?
A tube that controls the exchange of respiratory gases, fluid and nutrients for the baby as well as a way for the baby to get rid of waste
59
Where does the placenta connect to?
From the woman’s uterus
60
What is the umbilical cord
A cord that attaches from the growing fetus to the placenta
61
62
What will happen after 40 weeks of pregnancy?
The hormones will begin to chain levels and start contractions
63
What type of surgery is used when the baby is in distress or cannot be pushed out during labor
A C-section
64
What is the entire reproductive process controlled by?
Hormones
65
What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland?
FSH and LH hormones
66
Progesterone production in ovaries of female cause…
The 28 day menstrual cycle
67
What are the three main functions of the female reproductive system
1) produce gametes in gonads and the reproductive hormones, estrogen, and progesterone 2) have a pathway for sperm to reach the egg 3) have a temporary home for developing embryo
68
What does estrogen secreted by follicle over a cause?
Lining in the uterus to thicken in preparation for implantation of an embryo
69
What does the menstrual cycle increase?
Blood pressure and blood supply to the uterus and the lining
70
What does the menstrual cycle prepare the uterus for?
Possible pregnancy
71
What does the LH hormone trigger?
Ovulation
72
What happens if fertilization does not occur
LH hormones decrease, progesterone levels decrease, thick and lining of the uterus breaks down, and some blood is passed out of the body
73
74
What happens when the new follicle begins to mature?
A new menstrual cycle begins again
75
What is menopause?
When the menstrual cycle permanently stops in middle age
76
How old are you usually when menopause begins
45 to 50
77
What are the two main functions for a male reproductive system?
To produce gonads and testosterone and send sperm cells inside the female
78
79
Where are testes located?
In the scrotum
80
Where is sperm stored?
In the epidymus/ on top of the testes
81
Ducts carrying sperm from the testes and the epdidymis to the urethra
Vas deferens
82
What is the urethra in males
A part of both the reproductive system and the excretory system, it can carry either sperm or urine (not the case in females)
83
What does genetic engineering?
Insertion of genes from another species of organisms to change the traits of the organism receiving the genes
84
What is selective breeding?
Purposely breeding two organisms that have desired traits so the desired traits will show up in offspring
85
How long has selective breeding been practiced by humans for?
Thousands of years
86
What does artificial insemination?
Process that use a semen from from farm animals to produce hundred of offspring
87
What is hormone therapy?
Treatment for hormone production problems
88
What can the retrieval of fetal causes from nematic fluid cause
Chromosome or abnormalities
89
What is ultrasound used for?
To image, reproductive organs and structures in the developing fetus
90
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Biology (6 decks)

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