reproduction and development - part a

Question 1

gonads

Answer 1

organs that produce reproductive cells
- male: testes
- female: ovaries

Question 2

SRY gene

Answer 2

sex-determining region Y gene
- regulates genes involved in the development of the male reproductive system
- suppresses the female genes

Question 3

testes

Answer 3

• produce sperm
• produce male sex hormones (ex. testosterone)
• are stimulated by FSH and LH

Question 4

seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

• where sperm cells are produced (within the testes)
• house the spermatogonium cells

Question 5

spermatogonium

Answer 5

• 2n=46
  diploid
  mature into sperm

Question 6

sertoli cells

Answer 6

• nourish the developing sperm cells
• in the testes

Question 7

interstitial cells

Answer 7

• in the testes
• found outside/between the seminiferous tubules
• stimulates by LH
• produce testosterone

Question 8

scrotum

Answer 8

• pouch of skin holding the testes

Question 9

vas deferens

Answer 9

• carry sperm from the testes to the urethra

Question 10

ejaculatory duct

Answer 10

• regulates the movement of sperm and fluids called semen

Question 11

sexual excitement male

Answer 11

• parasympathetic nerve = erection
• sympatheticNS = ejaculation
  (Point and Shoot)

Question 12

flagellum sperm

Answer 12

• tail of sperm

Question 13

acrosome

Answer 13

• cap of sperm cell
• filled with enzymes that dissolve the outer couting of the egg

Question 14

midpiece of sperm

Answer 14

has numerous mitochondria to suppy energy

Question 15

spermatogenesis

Answer 15

• sperm production
• stimulated by FSH
• occurs in the seminiferous tubule then moves to the epididymis to completely mature
• spermatogonium –> spermocytes –> sperm cells

Question 16

• label a cross section of a testis! *

Answer 16

break

Question 17

seminal vesicles

Answer 17

• releases fluid that contains:
• fructos - provides energy for the sperm cell
• prostaglandings - hormone that causes contractions of smooth muscles along the female reproductive tract

Question 18

prostate gland

Answer 18

• releases fluid that contains:
• alkaline buffers to protect sperm cells from acidic vagina

Question 19

cowper’s gland

Answer 19

• releases fluids that are:
• mucus rich
• also protects sperm from acids and assists sperm movement

Question 20

testosterone

Answer 20

• made by the interstitial cells
• promotes the development of secondary sex characteristcs at puberty
• stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 21

hormone chain of the male reproductive system

Answer 21

hypothalamus –> GnRH –> pituitary gland –> FSH and LH
- FSH –> testes –> sertoli cells + seminiferous tubules –> inhibin (-) feedback
- LH –> testes –> interstitial cells –> testosterone –stimulates–> FSH in the testes
(PG. 10 in the booklet)

Question 22

ovaries

Answer 22

• where egg cells/ova mature
• produces estrogen and progesterone

Question 23

fallopian tube

Answer 23

• pathway between the ovary and the uterus
• begins with fimbria to collect the egg
• lined with cilia (finger-like projections) to move the egg down

Question 24

uterus

Answer 24

• made up of the myometrium and endometrium
• site of embryo development

Question 25

myometrium

Answer 25

- permanent - outside the endometrium of the uterus

Question 26

endometrium

Answer 26

- inner lining of uterus - is shed if not pregnant to get rid of egg

Question 27

cervix

Answer 27

- muscular band that seperates the vagina from the uterus - dilates during birth

Question 28

vagina

Answer 28

- acidic to create a hostile environment for microbes - where intercourse occurs

Question 29

FSH

Answer 29

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 30

LH

Answer 30

lutenizing hormone

Question 31

GnRH

Answer 31

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 32

follicle

Answer 32

2 types of cells - oocyte - granulosa cells

Question 33

oocyte

Answer 33

- in the follicle - undergoes meiosis to become an ovum

Question 34

granulosa cells

Answer 34

- in the follicle - provides nutrients for the developing oocyte

Question 35

ovarian cycle

Answer 35

(in the ovaries) immature follicle --> developing follicles --> mature follicle --> release ovum --> corpus luteum --> dies off if not pregnant

Question 36

the mentrual cycle phases

Answer 36

1. flow phase 2. follicular phase 3. ovulation 4. luteal phase

Question 37

flow phase

Answer 37

- shedding of endometrium - decrease in progesterone and estrogen

Question 38

follicular phase

Answer 38

- development of follicles - stimulated by FSH

Question 39

ovulation

Answer 39

- stimulated by spike in LH - oocyte bursts from the ovary - the rest turn in to corpus luteum

Question 40

luteal phase

Answer 40

- corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen

Question 41

hormone chain of the female reproductive system

Answer 41

hypothalamus --> GnRH --> pituitary gland --> FSH + LH - FSH --> ovaries --> stimulates the development of follicles --> estrogen --> inhibin - LH --> ovaries --> corpus luteum --> progesterone and estrogen (-) feedback