Reproduction B10

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 2

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• Species can multiply faster
• Only one parent needed
• Species can colonise new habitats faster and more efficiently

Question 3

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

• Species that rely on asexual reproduction have minimal variation
• Limited chance of survival in a different or changing environment
• Species will not evolve as effectively than sexual

Question 4

Examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

• Plants
• Bacteria
• Yeast
• Starfish

Question 5

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 5

Process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the productio of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 6

What type of cells are nuclei of gametes

Answer 6

Haploid

Question 7

What type of cells are the nucleus of a zygote

Answer 7

Diploid

Question 8

Advantages of sexual production

Answer 8

• Gives rise to variation
• The species has a higher chance of survival in different conditions
• Evolution occurs efficiently
• Negative mutation takes longer to inflict on a population

Question 9

Disadvantages of sexual advantages

Answer 9

• Takes a long time to court
• Takes a while to colonise new habitats
• Requires two parents
• Produces fewer offspring than asexual reproduction

Question 10

Function of sepals

Answer 10

A hard layer that protect the flower while it is a bud

Question 11

Function of petals

Answer 11

Come in different, vibrant colours to attract insects for pollination

Question 12

Function of anthers

Answer 12

To produce and provide the pollen

Question 13

Function of ovaries

Answer 13

Contains ovules, which develop into seeds when they are fertilised

Question 14

Properties of insect pollinated pollen grains

Answer 14

• Larger, heavier
• Sticky or spiky

Question 15

Properties of wind pollinated pollen grains

Answer 15

• smooth, light
• Produces higher numbers of pollen grains

Question 16

What is pollination

Answer 16

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

Question 17

When does fertilisation happen

Answer 17

When pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule

Question 18

Oxygen to seed germination

Answer 18

Oxygen is required for respiration, which provides seed with energy

Question 19

Water to seed germination

Answer 19

Required to make food in food stores

Question 20

Warmth to seed germination

Answer 20

Plants need a suitable temperature to grow Ex) 25 C
They usually grow in spring and summer

Question 21

Function of testes

Answer 21

Production of male gametes (sperms)

Question 22

Function of scrotum

Answer 22

Sac that holds the testes outside the body

Question 23

Function of sperm ducts

Answer 23

Transfer sperm to the urethra

Question 24

Function of prostate gland

Answer 24

Screte fluids for sperm to swim in forming semen

Question 25

Function of urethra

Answer 25

Carries urine and semen out of the body

Question 26

Function of penis

Answer 26

Transfers semen to vagina during sexual intercourse

Question 27

Function of ovaries

Answer 27

Release of female gametes (eggs)

Question 28

Function of oviducts

Answer 28

Transfers egg to uterus and the site of fertilisation

Question 29

Function of uterus

Answer 29

where the fetus develops

Question 30

Function of cervix

Answer 30

Ring of muscle at the opening of the uterus

Question 31

Function of vagina

Answer 31

Receives penis during sexual intercourse

Question 32

What is fertilisation in humans

Answer 32

The fusion of the nuclei from a sperm and a egg cell

Question 33

Features of sperm

Answer 33

- Smallest human cell - Makes a whipping motion with their flagellum to propel themsleves - less than 20 to 40 million

Question 34

Features of Ovum

Answer 34

- Largest human cell - Immobile -> moved by fluid - Only one released each month

Question 35

Function of the acrosome

Answer 35

When the acrosome contacts with egg layers, it releases enzymes helping the sperm to digest its way through the layers

Question 36

Function of the jelly coating

Answer 36

'Zona pellucide' - When one sperm enters, it becomes unpenetrable, which stops polyspermy

Question 37

What is a embryo

Answer 37

A ball of cells that implants into the wall of the uterus

Question 38

Function of umbilical cord

Answer 38

Takes blood from the foetus to te placenta

Question 39

Function of placenta

Answer 39

Provides oxygen and nutrients to a developing baby - Prevents bloods from mixing - provides a barrier to most toxins

Question 40

Function of amniotic sac

Answer 40

Enclosing the amniotic fluid and preventing the entry of bacteria

Question 41

Function of amniotic fluid

Answer 41

Supporting the foetus and protecting it from physical damage

Question 42

What do HIV infection cause

Answer 42

AIDS(Aquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Question 43

State methods of transmission of HIV

Answer 43

- Infected mother to foetus across placenta - Feeding a baby milk from an infected mother - Unprotected sexual intercourse - Transfusion with unscreened blood

Question 44

Methods to prevent the spread of STIs

Answer 44

- Having only one sexual partner - Wait and test - Get vaccinaated - Use contraception