REPRODUCTION IN GROWTH AND PLANTS Flashcards
(19 cards)
Define Reproduction
Reproduction is the process whereby all
living organisms produce new individuals
of their own kind.
Types of reproduction
Sexual and Asexual reproduction
What is sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the type of reproduction where male and female gametes fuse to form a new individual.
Examples: Humans, birds, reptiles, flowering plants, cats.
What is Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is when a new organism is formed from one parent without gametes.
Common in: Plants.
Types: Vegetative and artificial reproduction.
What is a Flower
A flower is the sexual reproductive part of a plant that produces fruits and seeds.
Structure of a flower
• Gynoecium (female): ovary, style, stigma
• Androecium (male): anther, filament
• Corolla: petals, attract pollinators
• Calyx: sepals, protect bud
Types of flowers
• Bisexual (hermaphroditic): Have both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) parts. Examples: hibiscus, flamboyant.
• Unisexual: Have either male or female parts only. Examples: pawpaw, watermelon.
What is Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
Types of Pollination
• Self-pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
• Cross-pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther of one flower to stigma of a different flower or plant of the same species.
What is Fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
What is Fruit
A fruit is a fertilized ovary that protects
and disperses seeds
Types of fruits
True fruits: They Form only from the ovary of a flower
Examples: orange, tomato, pawpaw
False fruit
They form from ovary and other flower parts.
Examples: apple, pineapple,
What is a Seed
A seed is a fertilized ovary found in a
fruit.
State the three main parts of a seed and it’s functions
- Seed coat – made of testa and tegmen; protects the seed.
- Embryo – includes:
• Plumule grow shoots in plant
• Radicle ( grow root)
• Cotyledon (stores food and protects embryo) - Endosperm – stores food in some seeds.
- Embryo – includes:
What is dispersal
Dispersal is the scattering of fruits and seeds away from the parent plant by agents like wind, water, and animals.
State three advantages of fruits and seeds dispersal.
• Reduces overcrowding
• Reduces competition for nutrients
• Helps plants colonize new areas
Mention three disadvantages of fruits and seeds dispersal.
• Seeds may land on unproductive land
• Seeds may be eaten by herbivores
• Seeds may die from lack of nutrients
What is Germination
Germination is the process where the embryo grows and emerges from the seed coat to form a seedling.
What is Dormancy
Dormancy is a period when seed growth stops temporarily and metabolism slows down. It helps seeds survive harsh conditions.
