Reproduction in people, inheritance, variation

Question 1

Function of ovary

Answer 1

Production of gamete

Question 2

Function of fallopian tube

Answer 2

site of fertilisation

Question 3

Function of uterus

Answer 3

Site of implantation

Question 4

Function of cervix

Answer 4

Dilates in birth

Question 5

Define fertilisation

Answer 5

2 gametes join together

Question 6

The menstrual cycle [3]

Answer 6

1) The cycle takes 28 days
2) Uterus lining will become thicker in preparation for embryo potentially implanting
3) No implantation the lining is shed and the cycle repeats

Question 7

4 hormones for menstrual cycle

Answer 7

LH
FSH
Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 8

Function of FSH [2]

Answer 8

-Stimulates egg maturation
-Stimulates folliciles in the ovaries to secrete oestrogen

Question 9

Function of LH [2]

Answer 9

-Stimulates ovulation
-Formation of corpus luteum

Question 10

Function of oestrogen

Answer 10

-Stimulates the uterus to develop a lining

Question 11

Function of progesterone

Answer 11

-Maintain and thickens lining of the uterus
-No fertilisation = levels drop and period starts

Question 12

Define inheritance

Answer 12

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 13

DNA contains

Answer 13

Contains information in the form of genes

Question 14

Define gene

Answer 14

Section of DNA coding for a protein

Question 15

DNA’s shape

Answer 15

Double helix

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

Super-tight bundled DNA only form at cell division

Question 17

how many pairs of chromosomes

Answer 17

23 pairs
46 chromosomes

Question 18

Diploid vs Haploid

Answer 18

Diploid cells are the cells that contain 2 copies of each chromosomes
Haploid cells are the cells with 1 copy of each chromosome are sex cells

Question 18

DNA expression

Answer 18

All our cells contain the same genes, only difference between them is which genes they express (Protein made from)
(U have gene for producing insulin everywhere in ur body but cells in ur pancreas express the gene)

Question 19

Alleles in organisms [2]

Answer 19

1) Everyone has 2 alleles for each gene
2) one on each chromosome. (Variations between people in their sequence)

Question 20

Dominant allele

Answer 20

Controls the characteristic whenever it is present. Capital letter (B)

Question 21

Recessive allele

Answer 21

Characteristics only show up when it is present on both chromosomes. Lower case (b)

Question 22

Define phenotype

Answer 22

Physical appearance of an organism

Question 22

Define Genotype

Answer 22

The set of genes (alleles) that an organism possesses

Question 23

Define Homozygous

Answer 23

When 2 alleles are indentical

Question 24

Main site of progesterone production during pregnancy

Answer 24

Placenta

Question 25

Stem cells means

Answer 25

unspecialised cells that can divide by mitosis to become specialised cells

Question 26

Meiosis process [2]

Answer 26

1) Parent cell make daughter cells that are haploid with halved chromosomes 2) 2 haploid will fuse together to form a zygote diploid that results in a genetically different gamete

Question 27

Incomplete domniance means

Answer 27

The phenotype is a blend of both alleles

Question 28

Co-dominance means... [2]

Answer 28

1) Both alleles in a heterozygous organism are expressed in equal parts on the organism 2) The alles do not blend, but both are expressed

Question 29

Multiple allele means..

Answer 29

1) Involves genes that have more than two different alleles 2) A, B, AB or O 3) A > B > O (A and B are co dominance)

Question 30

Linked traits means...

Answer 30

Traits that are linked are found on the same chromosome, this means they tend to be inherited together more frequently

Question 30

Pedigree chart

Answer 30

Symbols to present people to show the inheritance of multiple generatij

Question 30

Gene define

Answer 30

A length of DNA that does for protein

Question 31

Gene mutation [3]

Answer 31

1) A RANDOM change to an organism's DNA base sequence 2) Only true source of variation 3) Produces new alleles

Question 32

Variation define

Answer 32

Differences between individuals of the same species

Question 33

2 types of variation

Answer 33

1) Continuous variation 2) Discontinuous variation

Question 34

Define continuous variation

Answer 34

Results in a continuous range between extremes of a trait (Height, body mass, skin colour)

Question 35

Discontinuous variation

Answer 35

Results are limited to specific phenotypes with no intermediate/middleman (blood type)

Question 36

Things that increase mutation rates [3]

Answer 36

1) Chemicals 2) Radiation 3) Infectious agents

Question 37

Sources of variation [4]

Answer 37

1) Mutations 2) Meiosis 3) Random mating 4) Random fertilisation

Question 38

Adaptive feature define

Answer 38

An inherited feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 39

Xerophytes are...

Answer 39

Plants adapted for living in extremely dry soils such as in deserts

Question 40

Hydrophytes are...

Answer 40

Plants adapted for watery habitats like rivers, ponds, and lakes

Question 41

Xerophytes adaptations list [4]

Answer 41

1) Thick waxy cuticle 2) Needle-shaped leaves 3) Thickened stems and leaves 4) Shallow but extensive root system

Question 42

Thick waxy cuticle adaptation purpose

Answer 42

Reduces transpiration

Question 43

Needle shaped leaves adaptation purpose

Answer 43

Reduces surface area exposed to air

Question 44

thickened stem and leaves adaptation purpose

Answer 44

Store water

Question 45

Shallow but extensive root system adaptation purpose

Answer 45

Allows them to soak up water during occasional rain.

Question 46

Hydrophytes adaptations list [4]

Answer 46

1) Air spaces 2) Flat leaves 3) Bottom of leaf submerged in water 4) Small roots

Question 47

Air spaces in leaves adaptation purpose

Answer 47

Reduces density allow them to float on top of water with MANY airspaces

Question 48

Flat leaves adaptation purpose

Answer 48

Maximise photosynthesis and help them float

Question 49

Bottom of leave submerged in water adaptation purpose

Answer 49

Stomata are on the upper epidermis so they can exchange gasses

Question 50

Small roots adaptation purpose

Answer 50

Because of plenty of water