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Theriogenology > Reproduction of Pocket Pets > Flashcards

Reproduction of Pocket Pets Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is an intact female ferret?

A

Jill

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2
Q

What is an intact male ferret?

A

Hob

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3
Q

What is a spayed female ferret?

A

Sprite

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4
Q

What is a neutered male ferret?

A

Gib

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5
Q

When do ferrets reach sexual maturity?

A

4-8 months

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6
Q

What is the cyclicity of ferrets?

A

Seasonally polyestrus (March-August)

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7
Q

True or false: ferrets are induced ovulators

A

True

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8
Q

What is the gestation length offerrets?

A

41-42 days

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9
Q

What is the average litter size of ferrets?

A

8-10

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10
Q

What is pregnancy toxemia in ferrets?

A

Negative energy balance in late gestation due to poor or insufficient diet to meet the needs of gestation

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia in ferrets?

A

Lethargy prior to due date, collapse
Dehydration with black tarry stools
Hair falls out
Hypoglycemic, azotemic, ketonuric

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12
Q

What is the prognosis with pregnancy toxemia in ferrets?

A

Poor

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13
Q

What is used to treat pregnancy toxemia in ferrets?

A

Immediate c-section to save the dam

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14
Q

What diet causes struvite urolithiasis in ferrets?

A

Diets with plant proteins the produce alkaline urine

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15
Q

True or false: Jills are more likely to have complete obstruction with struvite urolithiasis

A

False. Hobs are more likely

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16
Q

What does straining due to struvite urolithiasis in ferrets lead to?

A

Rectal and/or vaginal prolapse

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17
Q

What could straining in late gestation be due to?

A

Struvite stones

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18
Q

How can you diagnose struvite urolithiasis?

A

Palpate and radiograph

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19
Q

What can be done for treatment of struvite urolithiasis?

A

Cystotomy and possible c-section

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20
Q

What must be done for prevention of struvite urolithiasis?

A

Must change the diet

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21
Q

What is dystocia in ferrets often due?

A 
Small litter size (1-2 kits)
Prolonged gestation in small litters
Insufficient hormonal stimulus to trigger delivery
Very large kits
Deformed fetuses
Anasarcous kits
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22
Q

What can be given to help with dystocia issues?

A

Jills with small litters can be induced on day 41 with Lutalyse followed by oxytocin in 1-4 hours

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23
Q

How long does parturition take for ferrets?

A

2-3 hours, approximately 5 kits per hour

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24
Q

When is surgery indicated for ferrets during parturition?

A

When a jill has been in labor for 24 hours or in distress for much shorter

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25
What is the poor mothering of kits common in?
Primiparous jills
26
How can you correct the poor mothering of kits?
Confine the jill with her kits in a very small space until the kits are accepted and then she can be give more space Monitoring is necessary because cannibalization is common
27
When does acute mastitis occur in ferrets?
Right after whelping or after the 3rd week of lactation because of the high demand for milk and teeth that can damage the teats
28
What are common causes of mastitis in ferrets?
Staphs and coliforms
29
How should mastitis in ferrets be treated?
Immediate aggressive treatment with antibioctics, hydration, and flunixin
30
What is associated with metritis in ferrets?
+/- excessive vaginal discharge following parturition | Uterine distention
31
How do you treat metritis in ferrets?
Lutalyse and antibiotics (TMS/Clavamox)
32
When does sexual maturity occur for female rabbits?
6-12 months
33
True or false: rabbits are induced ovulators
True
34
What is the gestation length of rabbits?
30-33 days
35
What is the litter size of rabbits?
4-12 kits
36
What is the copulation time for rabbits?
2 seconds
37
What is unique about the repro tract of female rabbits?
It lacks a uterine body
38
How often does a female rabbit nurse?
Only once a day for 3-5 minutes
39
What is unique about the repro tract of male rabbits?
Lack an os penis | Inguinal canals do not close
40
When do the testes of rabbits descend?
Around 12 weeks of age
41
When do male rabbits initiate copulation?
Within seconds or minutes after introduction
42
What do male rabbits during courtship?
Exhibit enurination (the emission of a jet or urine at a partner)
43
What is the most common neoplasia in female rabbits?
Uterine adenocarcinoma
44
What are signs of uterine adenocarcinoma?
Hematuria or serosanguinous vaginal discharge with concurrent cystic mammary glands Depression, anorexia, and dyspnea
45
How can you prevent uterine adenocarcinoma?
OHE prior to 2 years of age
46
What are the signs of pyometra in rabbits?
``` Vaginal discharge Anorexia Lethargy Weakness Enlarged abdomen ```
47
What is the treatment of pyometra in rabbits?
OHE with pre-op antibiotics
48
What are the common causes of pyometra in rabbits?
Pasturella multiocida | Staph aureus
49
When does pregnancy toxemia occur in rabbits?
During the last week of gestation
50
What is pregnancy toxemia in rabbits common in?
Obese rabbits
51
What are the signs of pregnancy toxemia in rabbits?
``` Weakness Depression Incoordination Anorexia Convulsions Coma Breath with acetone odor Urine will be acidic, proteinuria, ketonuria, and hepatic lipidosis ```
52
What is the treatment of pregnancy toxemia in rabbits?
No effective treatment | Prevention is key by avoiding fasting and undernutrition in late gestation
53
When does mastitis generally occur in rabbits?
During lactation
54
What are the clinical signs of mastitis in rabbits?
``` Depression Fever Anorexia Polydipsia Firm, hot, swollen glands with discolored skin ```
55
What are causes of mastitis in rabbits?
Staph, Strep, Pasturella species
56
What should be used to treat mastitis in rabbits?
Systemic antibiotics: Baytril, TMS, penicillins
57
When do guinea pigs reach sexual maturity?
Female: 2 months Male: 3 months
58
What is the cyclicity of guinea pigs?
Nonseasonal polyestrus
59
How long is the estrous cycle of guinea pigs?
15-17 days with spontaneous ovulation
60
What is the gestation length of guinea pigs?
59-72 days (average 68 days)
61
What is the placentation of guinea pigs?
Hemochorial placentation
62
What is the litter size of guinea pigs?
1-12 (avg 2-4)
63
When are guinea pigs weaned?
21 days
64
What happens prior to parturition in guinea pigs?
Pubic symphysis separates | 15mm separation 2 days prior with 25 mm separation at time of delivery
65
Why may sows (female guinea pigs) that are bred for the first time after 7-8 months have dystocia?
Failure of pubic symphysis separation

Theriogenology (10 decks)

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