Reproductive - anatomy

Question 1

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 1

Released from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of FSH and LH

Question 2

Follicle- stimulating hormone

Answer 2

Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles

Question 3

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 3

Triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Question 4

Ovaries

Answer 4

located on either side of uterus
Produces eggs in a process called oogenesis
Produces hormones suh as oestrogen and progesterone

Question 5

Uterus

Answer 5

Hollow, muscular organ where foetal development occurs during pregnancy.
Contains cervix, fundus and body.
Has 2 endometrial lining. Basal line shids if pregnancy does not occur

Question 6

Cervix

Answer 6

Lower part of the uterus which connects to vagina.
Contains an opening, which allows menstrual blood to flow out and permits sperm to enter

Question 7

Vagina

Answer 7

Connects uterus to external genitalia.
Functions as birth canal during childbirth and passage for menstrual flow

Question 8

External genitalia

Answer 8

includes the vulva which compromises of labia, clitoris and vaginal opening.
Protects the internal reproductive organs and is involved in sexual pleasure and reproduction.

Question 9

Menstrual phase

Answer 9

Endometrium lining shedding

Question 10

Ovulation

Answer 10

LH triggers release of egg from the ovary

Question 11

Follicular phase

Answer 11

follicles develop and mature under FSH influence

Question 12

Luteal phase

Answer 12

Corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare uterus for implantation

Question 13

Negative feedback

Answer 13

When oestrogen and progesterone inhibit GnRH release and FSH/LH secretion

Question 14

Positive feedback

Answer 14

Growing follicles in the ovary make estrogen (estradiol).

When estrogen reaches a high level, it stimulates the hypothalamus and pituitary.

This causes a sudden surge of LH (luteinizing hormone) — this is positive feedback.

The LH surge triggers ovulation: the release of the egg from the ovary.

Question 15

Oestrogen

Answer 15

Promotes the growth of uterus lining and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 16

Prgesterone

Answer 16

Prepares uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy

Question 17

Testes

Answer 17

Main organs located in scrotum
Responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.
Spermatogenesis occurs within seminiferous tubules

Question 18

Scrotum

Answer 18

External sac holding the tested
Helps regulate temperature of testes for sperm production

Question 19

Epididymis

Answer 19

coiled tubes located on the back of each testicle
stores sperm and facilitates their maturation

Question 20

Vas deferens

Answer 20

Long lube which transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory ducy
Part of spermatic cord

Question 21

Penis

Answer 21

external male reproductive organ
Composed of erictle tissue that becomes filled with blood during sexual arousal, helping facilitating erection

Question 22

Seminal vesciles

Answer 22

Glandular structure located behind bladder
Produces seminal fluid, a nutrient rich fluid which nourishes and trasnports sperm

Question 23

Prostate gland

Answer 23

Located below bladder and surrounds urethra
Secretes prostate fluid which is component of semen

Question 24

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 24

Located beneath prostate glands
Produces pre-ejaculatory fluid which lubricates urethra and neurtalises acidity

Question 25

Urethra

Answer 25

tube which carries urine and semen out of body. Extends from bladder through penis

Question 26

Semen

Answer 26

Mixture of sperm and seminal fluid Ejacuated from urethra during orgasm

Question 27

Testosterone is converted into dihyrdotestosterone via which enzyme

Answer 27

5a- reductase

Question 28

Normozoospermia

Answer 28

normal semen parameters

Question 29

Azoospernia

Answer 29

no spermatozoa found in semen

Question 30

Oligozoospermia

Answer 30

low sperm concentration

Question 31

asthenozoospermia

Answer 31

poor motility

Question 32

tetratozoospermia

Answer 32

reduced no of morphologically normal sperm

Question 33

necrozoospernia

Answer 33

no line sperm in semen

Question 34

globozoospermia

Answer 34

round headed acrosome-less sperm

Question 35

Testosterone

Answer 35

produced by testes. essential for male sexual development, libido, muscle mass maintenance, and bone density.

Question 36

Spermatogenesis

Answer 36

Process of sperm production in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. * Regulated by FSH, which stimulates Sertoli cells to support sperm maturation.

Question 37

Leydig cells

Answer 37

Produce testosterone in response to LH stimulation

Question 38

Androgens

Answer 38

Testosterone is the primary androgen in males. * Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair growth, deepening of the voice, and muscle development.

Question 39

Inhibin

Answer 39

produced by sertoli cells inhibits fsh secretion by negative feedback, regulating spermatogenesis

Question 40

Tesstosterone regulation

Answer 40

LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. * Testosterone exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate its own production.