Reproductive 3 female

Question 1

Changes in endometrium in preparation of fertilized ovum

Answer 1

Uterine (menstrual cycle)

Question 2

• Events that occur during & after oocyte maturation
• Focused on the changes in the follicle

Answer 2

Ovarian Cycle

Question 3

Ovarian and Uterine cycle controlled by

Answer 3

Cyclical changes in hormones

Question 4

Ovarian and uterine cycles are all coordinated by

Answer 4

GnRH from the hypothalamus

Question 5

Regulation of Ovarian and uterine cycle

1. From hypothalamus
2. Causes prod. and secretion of FSH
3. Causes prod. (not secretion) of LH

Answer 5

release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 6

Regulation of the Ovarian (and Uterine) Cycle

Begins when FSH stimulates some follicles to
become tertiary follicles

Answer 6

Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

Question 7

Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

As follicles develop, FSH levels

Answer 7

Decline

Question 8

Massive surge of LH during which phase?

Answer 8

Follicular phase
Ovulation

Question 9

Ovulation

pain from follicular swelling, ovarian wall rupture, small amount of blood
leaking into pelvic cavity surrounding ovulation

Answer 9

Mittelschmerz

Question 10

GnRH and elevated estrogen levels stimulate LH
secretion

Answer 10

Ovulation

Question 11

Luteal Phase begins when?

Answer 11

After ovulation

Question 12

• Corpus luteum secretes progesterone
• Progesterone levels increase, and estrogen levels fall

Answer 12

Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Question 13

Review of Hormones

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland in response to GNRH

Answer 13

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 14

Review of Hormones

• initiates follicle growth
• stimulates ovarian follicles to release estrogens and inhibin

Answer 14

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 15

Review of Hormones

Secreted from anterior pituitary. Production by GNRH, secreted by estrogen and GNRH

Answer 15

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 16

Review of Hormones

• Triggers ovulation
• Promotes formation of corpus luteum
• Stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen, progesterone, relaxin/inhibin

Answer 16

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 17

Review of Hormones

• Made from cholesterol
• Triggers release of LH

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

Review of Hormones

• Made from cholesterol
• From corpus luteum
• Prepares endometrium for implantation and mammary glands for milk secretion

Answer 18

Progesterone

Question 19

Review of Hormones

• From granulosa cells then corpus luteum
• Inhibits FSH & LH secretion

Answer 19

Inhibin

Question 20

Review of Hormones

• From corpus luteum and stimulated by LH
• Relaxes myometrium and relaxes pubic symphysis and dilates cervix during pregnancy

Answer 20

Relaxin

Question 21

1. Menstruation
2. Proliferative phase
3. Secretory phase

Answer 21

3 phases of the uterine cycle

Question 22

Uterine Cycle

• day 1-7
• Decrease in prog. and estrogen cause stratum functionalis to fall off

Answer 22

Menstruation

Question 23

Uterine Cycle

• ~day 7-14
• Estrogen builds new endometrium
• Stratum basalis undergoes mitosis to produce stratum functionalis
• Secondary follicles begin secreting estrogen

Answer 23

Proliferative phase

Question 24

Uterine Cycle

• ~day 15-28
• Endometrial glands grow
• Uterus is ready for fertilized ovum to arrive
• If no fertilization corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen/progesterone prod. declines

Answer 24

Secretory phase

Question 25

# Uterine Cycle * LH promotes formation of corpus luteum * If pregnancy doesn't occur, turns into corpus albicans

Answer 25

Secretory phase in ovaries

Question 26

# Pregnancy Rapid divison of cells ending with a blastocyst

Answer 26

Cleavage

Question 27

# Pregnancy * Starts around day 7 * Attachment of blastocyst to uterine endometrium * Trophoblast cells invade and become syncytiotrophoblasts

Answer 27

Implantation

Question 28

# Pregnancy Around day 9, what forms with amniotic fluid to protect embryo

Answer 28

Amniotic cavity

Question 29

# Pregnancy Around day 10, impantation finishes and what forms?

Answer 29

Yolk sac

Question 30

* Develop when two separate oocytes are ovulated and fertilized * Account for 70 percent

Answer 30

Dizygotic twins | fraternal twins

Question 31

* Result from separation of blastomeres early in cleavage * Also if inner cell mass splits before gastrulation

Answer 31

Monozygotic twins Identical twins