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ANATOMY > Reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

Reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

upper genital tract parts

A

uterus, upper 1/3, fallopian tube, ovaries

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2
Q

where is the upper genital tract come from embryologically

A

para-mesonepheric (mullerian duct)

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3
Q

what are the two pouches of the uterus

A

rectouterine (posterior douglas) and vesicouterine pouch (anterior)

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4
Q

what can surgery in pelvis cause

A

adhestions in pelvis, sticking together

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5
Q

anatomy of the uterus

A

round ligament, broad ligament, suspensory ligament.
myometrium, perimetrium, endometrium.

ante verted and ante flexed

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6
Q

blood, venous and nerve supply of uterus

A

uterine artery and uterine veins, sympathetic (uterovaginal plexus) parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic S2-4)

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7
Q

broad ligaments; what are the 3 layers and ligaments associated (clinical importance)

A

mesometrium (uterus), mesovarium (ovary and pelvic floor), mesosalphinx (uterine tubes)

cardinal ligaments associated: inferiori boarder of the broad ligamnet and contain the uterine artery and veins- they are removed in hysterectomy as theyre a site of malignancy

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8
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

connect the uterus cervix to the sacrum, holds in place

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9
Q

pubo-cervical ligament

A

connects cervix to pubic symphysis for stability and support cavity

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10
Q

round ligament

what is it homologous too

A

connects uterine horns to labia majora and pass through inguinal canal.

homologous to scrotal ligament

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11
Q

5 clinical disorders of the uterus and ligaments

A
  1. menorrhagia
  2. uterine prolapse
  3. uterine fibroids (benign)
  4. endometrial carcinoma (most common)
  5. endometriosis (endometrium cells outside uterus)
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12
Q

uterine tube anatomy

embryological?

A

fimbrae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitum - 10 cm tube
para-mesonphric: mullerian duct

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13
Q

blood, venous, nerve supply of uterine tubes

A

uterine artery and ovarian artery and veins

sympathetics: pelvis plexus

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14
Q

clinical pathologies of uterine tubes (4)

A
  1. ectopic pregnancy: medical emergencies
  2. salphingitisis: inflammation of fallopian tube- bacteria infections (STIs)
  3. hydro-salpinx: serous, clear fluid blocking tube causing distension
  4. pyo-salpinx : tube filled with pus
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15
Q

oestrogen and progesterone effects on uterine tube

A

E2: differentiation and secretion
Progesteron: dedifferentiation

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16
Q

ovaries function

A

oogenesis ( primordial germ cells- oogonia)

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17
Q

attachments of ovaries

A

anterior attachment: broad ligament, suspensory ligament
posterior attachment: mesovarium
ovarian ligament

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18
Q

ovaries blood, venous, nervous supply

A

ovarian artery and vein (L-renal, R-IVC)

sympathetic: ovarian plexus
parasympathetic: uterine plexus

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19
Q

disorders of ovaries (3)

A
  1. polycystic (more than 10 cysts)
  2. ovarian cysts: benign. symptoms of acute pain, bloating, abdominal bleeding
  3. ovarian tumours: 90% from epithelium ovaran cancer and detected late stage
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20
Q

histology of ovaries

A

PGCs: oogonis
Theca cells : LH androsterione
Granulosa cells: FSH oestrogen folliculogensis

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21
Q

lower 2/3 of vagina

A

lower genital tract (10 cm tube)

  • striated epithelium
  • nonkertanised squamous epithelium
  • cervical mucus
22
Q

musculature of vagina

A
  • elastic lamina properties: dense CT, project papillae, vagina muscus
  • fibromuscular layer: compromise of 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular and outer longitudinal)
  • adventitia: fiberous layer which provides additional strength to the vagina whilst also binding to surruond structures
23
Q

blood, venous, nervous supply of vagina

A

vaginal A&V

uterovaginal nerve plexus

24
Q

anatomy of vagina

A

internal Os, external Os, endocervical, ectocervical canal

25
Q

vulva anatomy

nerve

A

mon pubis, clitoris, vestibule, labia minora, labia majora, bartholins, fourchette, anus

nerve supply:
anterior- ilioinguinal, genitofemoral

posterior- pudenal, perineal, posterior cutaneous

26
Q

draw the anatomy of the penis

A

book

27
Q

urethra: 3 parts

A

prostatic (3cm), membranous (1cm), spongy (16cm)

28
Q

whats the clinical significance of the spongy urethra

A

damage during catherisation due to voluntary sphincter and being thinnest part

29
Q

where do the testes develop

A

posterior abdominal wall, mesonpheric duct

30
Q

describe the descent of testes

A

through deep inguinal ring out of superficial ring.
gubernaculum attaches to posteror pole of testis and carry them and blood suppy down retroperitoneal.
visceral peritoneum surrounding testes obliterates.

31
Q

processus vaginalis process

A

during descent the peritenuem envaginates eitherside of abdominal wall, pulling peritoneal cavity into swelling scrotum and obliterates producing tunica vaginalis.

32
Q

anatomy of testes

A

200 seminiferous tubules in 1-6 ducts

33
Q

tunica albunica function and clinical feature

A

broken penis.

white fiberous covering of scrotum

34
Q

what are the layers in the processus vaginalis

A

internal (cremasteric) and external (external fascia) oblique, transveralis fascia (internal fascia). not transverse abdominis

35
Q

Some damn englishmen called it the testes

A

skin, deferns, ext.fascia, cremasteric, int.fascia, tunica vaginalis, tunica albunica

36
Q

cremasteric muscle innervation and function

A

pulls scrotum up and down, regulates temp.

L1/2- genital branch of genitofemoral (involun)

37
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes: malignancy, infertility

38
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid in tunica vaginalis, part of processus vaginalis remain (transllumination)

39
Q

15 coverings of the spermaticord

A

covering: cremasteric, int & ext fascia
arteries: cremasteric, testicular, vas deferns
veins: cremasteric, paniform, vas deferns
nerves: genitofemoral, sympathetics, ilioinguinal
tubes: vas deferns, tunica vaginalis, lymphathic

40
Q

varicocele

A

dilation of veins in testes (left) back pressure from renal artery

41
Q

lymphatics of may genitalia (2)

A

scrotal: inguinal drain
testicular: paraaortic drain

42
Q

prostate blood supply and venous drain

A

inferior vesicular vessles, internal iliac draniage

43
Q

BPH

symptoms (3)

A

frequency urination, hesitation, post dribble

44
Q

what is seminal colliculus

A

lumpy middle bit of prostate

45
Q

colles fascia tear?

A

urine in anterior abdomen

46
Q

prostate cancer sign in blood and zone

A

PSA in serum and peripheral zone

47
Q

penis blood supply

A

internal pudenal artery:

  • deep
  • bulbourethral
  • dorsal
48
Q

what is prepuce and frenulum

A

foreskin and small fold of skin

49
Q

innervation of penis

A

POINT SHOOT SCORE

50
Q

female equivalent to :

  • gubernaculum scrotal ligament
  • scrotum
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
  • mesonpheric duct
  • appendix testis
A
  • round ligament
  • labia majora
  • skenes
  • bartholins
  • paramesonpheric
  • fallopian tube

ANATOMY (6 decks)

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