Reproductive Function (14)

Question 1

What are external reproductive structures

Answer 1

Mons pubis 
Vulva vistibule 
Labia majora 
Labia minora 
Clitorus

Question 2

What are internal female reproductive structures?

Answer 2

Vagina 
Uterus 
Ovaries 
Fallopian Tubes 
Breasts

Question 3

What stimulation breast development?

Answer 3

Estrogen and other hormones

Question 4

What are glandular lobules and ducks of the breasts bound and separated by?

Answer 4

fibrous tissue and fat

Question 5

What fills the space between the breast lobes and ducts

Answer 5

fatty tissue - gives the breasts a soft texture

Question 6

What is the function of female reproduction?

Answer 6

Prepare the woman’s body, monthly to accept a fertilzed egg and proper environment for growth of a fetus

Question 7

When is the average age of menarche>

Answer 7

average 12 years old, but can range from 8-18

Question 8

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 8

usually occurs halfway through a typical 28 day cycle

Question 9

Where is the egg released during ovulation?

Answer 9

into fallopian tube where it waits to be fertilized

Question 10

What happens if fertilization does not occur during the cycle?

Answer 10

hormones decrease and menstruation begins

Question 11

What hormones are responsible for the menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

Estrogen, progesterone, androgens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FHS), luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 12

What is the role of estrogen?

Answer 12

Responsible for development and maintenance of reproductive organs

Question 13

What is the role of progesterone

Answer 13

regulates uterine changes

Question 14

What do androgens do in females?

Answer 14

stimulate follicular development

Question 15

What releases Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone?

Answer 15

Pituitary gland

Question 16

What does the Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 16

stimulates ovaries to secrete estrogen

Question 17

What does the luteinizing hormone do?

Answer 17

stimulates progesterone production

Question 18

What is menstruation?

Answer 18

shedding of the uterine lining since pregnancy was not established

Question 19

Describe perimenopause

Answer 19

Transitional time (5-8 years) before last menstrual period

Question 20

What are signs and symptoms of perimenopause?

Answer 20

irregular menstrual period, hot flashes, night sweats, breast tenderness, mood changes, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction

Question 21

What is happening during perimenopause?

Answer 21

Estrogen levels decrease

Unpredictable ovulation cycles - can lead to unintended pregnancies

Question 22

What can play a huge role in perimenopause?

Answer 22

Hormone therapy

Question 23

What are we concerned about with hormone therapy?

Answer 23

Thrombo-events

- strokes, DVT, PE

Question 24

When does a female have a dx of menopause?

Answer 24

12 months of amennorhea

Question 25

What is menopause?

Answer 25

end of any type of reproductive capacity - ovaries are no longer active - reproductive organs become smaller - normal part of aging

Question 26

When does menopause typically kick in?

Answer 26

45-52 years

Question 27

Assessment of female reproductive system?

Answer 27

``` Menstrual history Sexual history Contraceptive use Medication use (past as well) Vaginal discharge Hx Urinary fx Hx bowel issues Hx fertilizing treatments Hx breast health Hx surgery or procedures that might impact reproductive tract Hx chronic illness Psychosocial information Hx physical/sexual abuse ```

Question 28

Pelvic examination assessment order

Answer 28

Inspection, palpation, speculum examination, bimanual palpation

Question 29

Breast assessment (order of assessment)

Answer 29

Inspection, palpation, nipple discharge

Question 30

How is a breast exam performed?

Answer 30

arm up | outer limits and work towards nipple in clockwise motion

Question 31

what does normal discharge look like?

Answer 31

Mucus/white

Question 32

Candida infection: symptoms, odor, consistency/color

Answer 32

S/s: itching, irritation Odor: yeast order or none Consistency/color: thin to thick, curd-like/white

Question 33

Bacterial vaginosis: symptoms, odor, consistency/color

Answer 33

S/s: odor Odor: Fishy, often noticed after intercourse Consistency: thin/grayish or yellow

Question 34

Trichomonas infection: symptoms, odor, consistency/color

Answer 34

s/s: Irritation, odor Odor: Malodorous Consistency/color: Copious, often frothy/yellow green

Question 35

Atrophic vaginal discharge: symptoms, odor, consistency/color

Answer 35

s/s: vulvar or vaginal dryness Odor: occasional milk malodor Consistency/color: Usually scant and mucoid/may be blood-tinged

Question 36

What are types of reproductive diagnostic evaluation tools?

Answer 36

Papanicolaou (PAP) test Uterine diagnostics Mammography

Question 37

What are examples of Uterine diagnostics

Answer 37

Colposcopy Cervical biopsy Cryotherapy and laser therapy Cone biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure

Question 38

What are ways a mammography can be performed?

Answer 38

Ultrasound or MRI

Question 39

What is the main reason for Pap smear

Answer 39

cervical procedure

Question 40

What are things to keep in mind before a papsmear?

Answer 40

Should not be on period - no tampon use before No douching No sexual intercourse 2 days before

Question 41

What are the structures of the male reproductive system?

Answer 41

``` Testicles Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Penis Prostate Gland Testosterone ```

Question 42

Male reproductive assessment

Answer 42

``` Health hx Sexual hx Sexual fx STD hx Urinary changes ** ```

Question 43

Physical assessment of males

Answer 43

Penis Scrotum Digital rectum exam Breasts

Question 44

What are diagnostic tools for the male reproductive system?

Answer 44

Prostate-Specific antigen Ultrasound Prostate fluid or tissue analysis

Question 45

What should prostate-specific antigen be?

Answer 45

0.2-0.4

Question 46

What are examples of tests for male sexual function

Answer 46

nocturnal penile tumescence test Penile doppler Psychosocial evaluation

Question 47

Female and male gerontological considerations: reproductive system

Answer 47

``` Vulvar dystrophy Uterine prolapse Decreased libido Male sexual dysfunction Benign prostatic hyperplasia ```