Reproductive Physiology

Question 1

Arrested at prophase I from birth to puberty. Will proceed from prophase I to metaphase II during ovulation. Completion of meiosis during fertilization.

Answer 1

Egg cell

Question 2

Released by sertoli cells for negative feedback control FSH ?

Answer 2

Inhibin

Question 3

Lactation is suppressed during pregnancy. Explanation?

Answer 3

Blood vessels of estrogen and progesterone are high.

Action of prolactin on the breast is inhibited by progesterone & estrogen.

Question 4

Step in steroid hormone biosynthesis catalyzed by 5-a- reductase ? (2)

Answer 4

1. Testosterone
2. Dihydrotestosterone

Question 5

What hormone increases the set point temperature in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center?

Answer 5

Progesterone

Question 6

Hormone secreted during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

Progesterone

Question 7

The source of estradiol, which contains high concentrations of aromatase and convert testosterone to estradiol.

Answer 7

Granulosa cells

Question 8

Phase where there’s an increase levels of estradiol preparing the uterus to receive a fertilized egg?

Answer 8

Luteal phase

Question 9

Effect of dopamine on prolactin secretion?

Answer 9

Decrease prolactin secretion

Question 10

16/F , 46XY , Diagnosed with androgen insensitivity disorder, no uterus, cervix nor ovaries. What is the testosterone level?

Answer 10

Elevated serum testosterone, due to lack of androgen receptors on the anterior pituitary.

Question 11

Which step in steroid hormone biogenesis occurs in the accessory sex target tissues of the male and is catalyzed by 5-alpha-reductase?

Answer 11

Testosterone to DHT

Question 12

Type of human placenta?

Answer 12

Hemochorial type

Question 13

Type of horses, pig, and ruminants placenta?

Answer 13

Epitheliochorial

Question 14

Type of carnivores placenta?

Answer 14

Enotheliochorial type

Question 15

Type of primates, rabbits and rodents placenta?

Answer 15

Hemochorial type

Question 16

Male pseudohermaphroditism lack which enzyme?

Answer 16

5-alpha reductase

Question 17

Three sources of estrogen during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?

Answer 17

1. Fetal adrenal gland
2. Fetal liver
3. Fetal placenta

Question 18

Term for male without testes?

Answer 18

Eunuch

Question 19

Hormones that act on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells respectively?

Answer 19

Leydig - LH
Sertoli- FSH

Question 20

Corpus luteum involution occurs during?

Answer 20

10-12 days after ovulation

Question 21

Forms of testosterone in blood?

Answer 21

60% bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
38% bound to Albumin
2% as free testosterone

Question 22

Neutralizes acidity of other fluids during ejaculation, enhancing fertility of sperm?

Answer 22

Prostatic fluid ( makes semen alkaline)

Question 23

Menstrual bleeding more than 7 days ?

Answer 23

Menorrhagia

Question 24

Anterior head of the sperm binds to this area in the ovum?

Answer 24

Oocyte Zona Pellucida

Question 25

Increases endometrial glandular secretion?

Answer 25

Progesterone

Question 26

Step in Spermatogenesis where all 46 chromosomes replicate?

Answer 26

Meiosis I

Question 27

Mechanism for prevention of polyspermy?

Answer 27

Cortical reaction that modifies Zona Pellucida

Question 28

Initiating event in parturition?

Answer 28

Unknown

Question 29

The SRY gene encodes?

Answer 29

Testes- Determining Factor

Question 30

Difference of Anabolic characteristics of Estrogen and Testosterone..

Answer 30

Estrogen: builds fat Testosterone: builds muscles

Question 31

Trigger start of active phase in pregnancy?

Answer 31

Oxytocin

Question 32

Portion where chorion attaches ?

Answer 32

Decidua

Question 33

Barr body is?

Answer 33

Female chromosome

Question 34

Most important progestin?

Answer 34

Progesterone

Question 35

Hormone involved in fetal life?

Answer 35

Progesterone from corpus luteum ( placenta after 12wks)

Question 36

Determines the length of menstrual cycle?

Answer 36

Follicular stage

Question 37

Viability of sperm in the female genital tract?

Answer 37

1-5 days average of 3 days

Question 38

Predominant hormone during secretory phase?

Answer 38

Progesterone

Question 39

Sperm motility occurs in?

Answer 39

Epididymis

Question 40

Urine test for ovulation measures?

Answer 40

LH

Question 41

LH is highest during?

Answer 41

Ovulation

Question 42

Male pattern baldness is an effect of?

Answer 42

DHT not testosterone

Question 43

Down regulates the progesterone receptors and estrogen receptor?

Answer 43

Progesterone

Question 44

Needed for development of female secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 44

Enzyme aromatase

Question 45

Site of fertilization?

Answer 45

Ampulla

Question 46

What are the actions of testosterone? (11)

Answer 46

1. Differentiation of epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. 2. Descent of testes 3. Inc bone and muscle mass 4. Inc BMR 5. Pubertal growth spurt 6. Epiphyseal closure 7. Growth of penis & seminal vesicles 8. Deepening of voice 9. Spermatogenesis 10. Negative feedback on anterior pituitary 11. Libido

Question 47

Responsible for lactation amenorrhea?

Answer 47

Prolactin Moa: Inh GnRH prevents LH surge and consequently ovulation

Question 48

Stimulate sertoli cells to secrete Androgen binding protein (ABP) and not inhibin?

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

Mechanism of penile erection? (6)

Answer 49

1. Nitric Oxide 2. Guanylate Cyclase 3. cGMP 4. Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation 5. Vasodilation 6. Penile erection