Reproductive System 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
True pelvis (lesser pelvis) and False pelvis (greater pelvis)
True pelvis –> related to inferior parts of the pelvic bone and has an inlet and an outlet.
False pelvis –> superior regions related to the upper parts of the pelvic bone and lower lumbar vertebrae.
Perineum (5)
- forms the pelvic outlet
- contains external genitalia
- in males, it is the area between anus and scrotum
- in females, it is the area between anus and vulva
- contains and supports the bladder, rectum, anal canal and reproductive tracts
Bladder and anal canal
-Structures that support it
Bladder –> supported by elements of the pelvic bone and pelvic floor
Anal canal –> supported my muscles of the pelvic floor
Pelvic cavity
-women vs. men
Women –> vagina penetrates the pelvic floor and connects with the uterus in the pelvic floor
Men –> pelvic cavity is the site of connection between reproductive and urinary system. It also contains glands, prostate and two seminal vesicles.
Roots of the external genitalia
- External genitalia in men
- External genitalia in women
- They all consists of…
- They all are anchored to…
- penis
- clitoris
- erectile tissue and its associated skeletal muscles
- bony margin of the pelvic outlet and perineal membrane
Pelvic inlet (5)
- heart- shaped ringed bone
- the pubic symphysis is where the two bones meet
- structures pass between the pelvic cavity and abdomen through the pelvic inlet
- alae wing contribute to its margin
- it is bordered by the body of vertebra S1
Pelvic walls (3)
- consists of bone, ligament, muscles, sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones.
- sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments link each pelvic bone to the sacrum and coccyx
- obturator internus and piriformis muscle act on the hip joint
Pelvic outlet (3)
- consists of bones and ligament
- ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament and pubic arch
- limited by the pubic symphysis
Pelvic floor
- separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
- contains the pelvic diaphragm, which is formed by two levator ani muscles and coccygeus mucles
- supported by perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane –> fascial sheet that fills the space between the arms of the pubic arch, oriented in horizontal plane
Deep perineal pouch –> regions superior to the perineal membrane
Pelvic cavity (4)
- lined by peritoneum
- does not reach pelvic floor
- contains pelvic viscera
- bladder is anterior, rectum is posterior
Perineum (3)
- inferior to pelvic floor between lower limbs
- its margin is formed by the pelvic outlet
- forms two triangular regions (urogenital and anal triangle)
Urogenital triangle and Anal triangle
Urogenital –> contains the roots of the external genitalia, faces more inferiorly
Anal –> contains the anal aperture, faces more posteriorly
Relationship to other regions
-Abdomen
True pelvis is continuous with the abdomen at the pelvic inlet
Relationship to other regions
-Lower limb
Obturator canal –> forms a passage way between the pelvic cavity and the adductor region of the thigh, formed in the obturator forament
Greater and lesser sciatic notch –>inferior to the pelvic floor, provides communication between the gluteal region and the perineum
- Ureters pathway
2. Structures that crosses the ureters in the pelvic cavity (men and women)
1.kidneys –> posterior abdominal wall –> pelvic inlet –> lateral pelvic wall –> bladder
- In women, the uterine artery crosses it at the cervix of the uterus.
In men, the ductus deferens crosses it posterior to the bladder.
- Muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and the perineum intersect at the…
- Structures that converge at this place
- Perineal body
- Levator ani muscles, muscles of the urogenital and anal triangle, skeletal muscle sphincters
Urethra pathway in men and women
Men: prostate –> deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane –> enclosed within erectile tissue of penis –> end of penis
Women: bladder –> pelvic floor –> perineum
Muscles of the pelvic wall
-O, I and F
(2 of them)
Obturator internus
O: True pelvis
Piriformis
O: sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
F: lateral rotation of extended hip joint, abduction of flexed hip
Muscles of the pelvic wall
-O, I and F
(2 of them)
Levator ani
O: pubic bone and ischial spine
I: perineal membrane and anal canal
F: contributes to the pelvic floor and reinforces the anal external sphincter
Coccygeus
O: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
I: coccyx and sacrum
F: contributes to the pelvic floor and pulls coccyx forward after defecation
Muscles within the deep perineal pouch
-Only names
External urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal
Compressor urethrae (only in women)
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
External urethral sphincter and Deep transverse perineal
-O, I and F
External urethral sphincter
O: inferior ramus of pubis and walls of deep perineal pouch
I: membranous part of urethra
F: compresses membranous urethra and relaxes during pee.
Deep transverse perineal
O: ischial ramus
I: perineal body
F: stabilizes position of perineal body
Compressor urethrae and Sphincter urethrovaginalis
-O, I and F
Compressor urethrae
O: ischiopubic ramus
I: blends with partner on the other side
F: accessory sphincter for urethra
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
O: perineal body
I: blends with partner on the other side
F: accesory sphincter for urethra
Structures that attach to the perineal body (6)
-perineum
-muscles of pelvic floor
-deep transverse perineal muscle
-sphincter urethrovaginalis
-levator ani muscles
-external anal sphincter
(there are others)
