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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the reproductive system

A

Production of gametes
Production of reproductive hormones
Fertilization
Development and nourishment of a new individual

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2
Q

What are the female and male gametes

A

Male - sperm cells
Female - oocytes / egg cell

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3
Q

What are the 4 organs in the male reproductive system (TADS)

A

Testes
Ducts
Accessory organs
Supporting structures

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4
Q

What are the ducts found in the male reproductive system

A

Epididymis
Vas derferns
Urethra

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5
Q

What are the accessory organs found in the male reproductive system

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

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6
Q

What are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system

A

Penis
Scrotum

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7
Q

It is the development of sperm cells
And which part did it occur in the male reproductive organs

A

Spermatogenesis
Testes

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8
Q

Location of testes

A

Within the scrotum

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9
Q

Functions of testes
Exocrine:
Endocrine:

A

Exocrine: secretion of sperm cells
Endocrine: secretion of testosterone

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10
Q

It secretes testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

What is the covering around the testes

A

Tunica albuginea - fibrous connective tissue

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12
Q

What divides each testis

A

Septa

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13
Q

How many testis lobes are there

A

300 - 400 lobes

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14
Q

It is the development of sperm cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

Seminiferous tubules is the development of …

A

Sperm cells
Germ cells
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells

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16
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Development of sperm cells

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17
Q

It is where the final maturation of sperm cells happen

A

Epididymis

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18
Q

How long is the testes

A

4-5 cm long

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19
Q

Location of the epididymis

A

Posterior side of the testes

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20
Q

In the epididymis,
The head-
The tail-

A

The head- immotile ( not capable of reproduction)
The tail- motile ( capable of reproduction )

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21
Q

What is the cell type of epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

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22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the epididymis

A

Head
Body
Tail

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23
Q

Location of vas deference

A

Emerge from the tail of the epididymis

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24
Q

What is the lumen of the vas deference

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Smooth muscles

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25
Q

What are the 5 spermatic cord (LV NTF)

A

Lymphatic vessels
Vas deference
Nerves
Testicular artery
Fibrous remnants of the process of vaginalis

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26
Q

What are the 2 parts of the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

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27
Q

It is responsible for the response of muscles in reproductive organ when it comes to the temp. (Usually heat)

A

Cremaster muscle

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28
Q

Where can the cremaster muscles be found in the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia

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29
Q

It is the sac-shaped gland

A

Seminal vesicles

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30
Q

What is the main function of the seminal vesicle

A

It secretes different substances (for nourishment of sperm cells. For example: fructose)

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31
Q

It joins ampulla and seminal vesicles

A

Ejaculatory duct

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32
Q

How long is the ejaculatory duct

A

2.5 cm long

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33
Q

Urethra is the main passage way for both ______ and _______

A

Urine
Male reproductive fluid

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34
Q

How long is the urethra

A

20cm long

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35
Q

Location of male urethra

A

Extends form urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis

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36
Q

What is the cell type of urethra

A

Mostly stratified columnar epithelium

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37
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

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38
Q

What is the shortest urethra

A

Membranous urethra

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39
Q

What is the longest urethra

A

Spongy urethra

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40
Q

Prostatic urethra consists of ____

A

Transitional epithelium

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41
Q

Spongy urethra consists of ____

A

Stratified simple sq. E

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42
Q

Location of the seminal vesicles

A

Next to ampulla

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43
Q

How long is the seminal vesicles

A

5cm

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44
Q

It is responsible for the secretion of different nutrients for sperm cells

A

Prostate gland

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45
Q

Shape and size of prostate gland

A

walnut in shape
4x2cm

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46
Q

Tissue type of prostate gland

A

fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscles

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47
Q

Cell type of prostate gland

A

columnar epithelial cell s

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48
Q

Location of bulbourethral gland

A

Near membranous urethra

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49
Q

Bulbourethral gland is also known as

A

cowper glands

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50
Q

It decreases in size with age

A

bulbourethral gland

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51
Q

What is the main function of Bulbourethral glands

A

Secretes thick mucus

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52
Q

The thick mucus in the Bulbourethral gland has a pH of ____ and it _____

A

Alkaline
Neutralize the acidity of the vagina and some secretions of these creations coming from semen

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53
Q

It is the passageway for the sperm cells

A

Ductus deference

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54
Q

Prostate gland is responsible for the secretion of ______ to ______

A

Different nutrients to sperm cells

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55
Q

Seminal vesicles is responsible for the secretion of ______ for ______

A

different substances for nourishment of sperm cells

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56
Q

it is the sac like structure that contains the testes

A

scrotum

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57
Q

in the scrotum, it is an irregular ridge that is located externally “wrinkled”

A

raphe

58
Q

what are the 2 muscles found in the scrotum

A

dartos muscle
cremaster muscle

59
Q

what is dartos muscle in the scrotum

A

smooth muscle outer layer
responds in cold temperature

60
Q

what is cremaster muscles in the scrotum

A

pulls the scrotum near the body
keeps the testes warm

61
Q

it is a male organ for copulation

A

penis

62
Q

what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue

A

erection
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum

63
Q

what is the dorsal and side of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis

A

corpora cavernosa

64
Q

what is the ventral portion of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

65
Q

this part of the penis usually expose during surgical incision

A

glans penis

66
Q

what are the 2 root of penis

A

bulb of penis
root of penis

67
Q

what is the foreskin of the penis

A

prepuce

68
Q

why do male undergo surgical incision

A

to avoid different types of infections/ cancer

69
Q

semen is the combination of

A

sperm cells and seccretion

70
Q

semen is composed of

A

seminal vesicles - 60%
prostate gland- 30%
bulbourethral gland - 5%
testes - 5%

71
Q

explain the term of emission of semen

A

discharge of all secretions

72
Q

explain the term of ejaculation of semen

A

forceful expulsion of semen

73
Q

explain the cell division of the male gamete (spermatogenesis)

A

spermatogonium undergoes mitosis > spermatocytes
spermatocytes undergo meiosis 1 > secondary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 > spermatid
spermatid will go to the epididymis for the production of flagella > sperm (spermatozoa)

74
Q

gonadotropin releasing-hormone is released from

A

hypothalamus

75
Q

gonadotropin releasing hormone promotes the release of …

A

luteinizing hormones
follicle- stimulating hormones

76
Q

it is a hormone that increases rate of testosterone synthesis and secretion

A

luteinizing hormone

77
Q

it is a secretion that promotes the sperm cells development

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

78
Q

major male hormone secreted by the testes

A

testosterone

79
Q

testosterone is responsible for the …

A

sexual characteristics and behaviour

80
Q

how long and wide is the ovaries

A

2-3.5cm
1-1.5cm

81
Q

it attaches each ovary to the posterior surface of the ligaments

A

mesovarium

82
Q

what are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary

A

suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament

83
Q

identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
mesovarium to body wall

A

suspensory ligament

84
Q

identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
attaches superior margin of the uterus

A

ovarian ligament

85
Q

it is the production of the oocytes

A

oogenesis

86
Q

after the production of the oocytes, it will undergo _____

A

fertilization

87
Q

what occurs in the primary oocyte

A

meiosis

88
Q

meiosis in the primary oocytes stops during the ______

A

first mitotic division prophase I

89
Q

how many primary oocytes do we have at birth

A

2 million

90
Q

how many primary oocytes do we have at birth to puberty

A

300 thousand - 400 thousand

91
Q

how many primary oocytes will develop to secondary oocyte

A

400

92
Q

secondary oocyte is capable of _____

A

ovulation

93
Q

secondary oocyte stops in _______

A

metaphase II

94
Q

what usually occurs after we have secondary oocyte

A

fertilization

95
Q

what is the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte

A

polar body

96
Q

what happens to the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte

A

divide or degenerates

97
Q

when a sperm cells binds and penetrates the plasma membrane of secondary oocyte

A

fertilization

98
Q

secondary oocyte completes the second mitotic division to form __________

A

2 cells

99
Q

the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the secondary oocyte undergo the second mitotic division, it each contains ______

A

23 chromosomes

100
Q

what happens to the the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the it undergoes the second mitotic division

A

one will degenerates while the other binds with the 23 chromosomes from the sperm cells to form a zygote

101
Q

uterine tubes can also be called as

A

fallopian tube
oviduct

102
Q

what are the 4 parts of the oviduct

A

fimbriae (ciliated)
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

103
Q

what are the 3 layers of the wall of uterine tubes

A

serosa
mucosa
muscular layer

104
Q

identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
site for fertilization

A

ampulla

105
Q

identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
long projection

A

infundibulum

106
Q

identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
narrow thick walls than ampulla

A

isthmus

107
Q

identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
nearest to the infundibulum

A

ampulla

108
Q

identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
surround the opening of infundibulum

A

fimbriae

109
Q

how long and wide is the uterus

A

7.5 cm long
5 cm wide

110
Q

what are the 4 parts of the uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix
isthmus

111
Q

it is a part of the uterus that is a junction between the cervix and the body

A

isthmus

112
Q

what are the 2 ligaments found in the uterus

A

round ligament
uterosacral ligament

113
Q

mammary glands secretes ….

A

milk

114
Q

it is a modified sweat glands

A

mammary glands

115
Q

how many glandular lobes does mammary gland have

A

15-20

116
Q

in the mammary gland, each glandular lobes contain ______ where milk accumulates

A

lactiferous duct

117
Q

what are 3 structures of the mammary glands

A

Rudimentary glandular system
Gynecomastia
Cooper ligaments

118
Q

in the mammary gland:
it contains smooth muscle that cause it to erect upon stimulation

A

Nipples

119
Q

in the nipples where it erect upon stimulation, is it voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

120
Q

why is there elevation of nipples

A

Resoponse to temp

121
Q

what causes dark nipples

A

The hormone that secretes melanin

122
Q

it is a cyclic changes in sexually mature nonpregnant that culminate menses

A

Menstrual cycle

123
Q

how long does the menstrual cycle lasts

A

28 days long (or as short as 18 days)

124
Q

it is a period of mild hemorrhage that occurs approximately each month

A

Menses

125
Q

it is the discharge of blood

A

Menstruation

126
Q

ovulation occurs about ________ menstrual cycle

A

14 of a 28

127
Q

time between ending of menses and ovulation

A

Follicular phase

128
Q

it is the period after ovulation and before the next menses

A

Luteal phase

129
Q

which day of the menstrual cycle is the most fertile day

A

14

130
Q

which day of the menstrual cycle where couples try to have a baby

A

12 and 13

131
Q

hormone that helps control the menstrual cycle

A

Luteinizing hormone

132
Q

hormone that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

133
Q

hormone that maintains both the reproductive system and female characteristics

A

Estrogen

134
Q

hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

135
Q

what is the function of progesterone in the female reproductive system

A

Regulate menstrual cycle
Gets the uterus ready for pregnancy
Released by the corpus legume in the ovary

136
Q

what is the function of estrogen in the female reproductive system

A

Maintain the reproductive system and the female characteristics

137
Q

what is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in the female reproductive system

A

Stimulates growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase

138
Q

what is the function of luteinizing hormone in the female reproductive system

A

Helps control the menstrual cycle

139
Q

what are the behavioral method in birth control

A

Abstinence
Calendar method
Lactation amenorrhea
Coitus interruptus

140
Q

what are the barrier method in birth control

A

Condom
Vaginal condo,
Intrauterine device

141
Q

what are the chemical method in birth control

A

Oral contraceptives

142
Q

what are the surgical method in birth control

A

Vasectomy
Laparoscopy
Tubal ligation

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) (15 decks)

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