Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS 192 > Reproductive system 4 > Flashcards

Reproductive system 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Oogenesis

A

Formation and development of female gamete (oocyte) from oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Oogenesis require

A

Mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does Oogenesis occur

A

Lifetime supply produced before birth

Continues between puberty and menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do Oocytes develop

A

Within ovarian follicles - 1 per follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How often is each cycle

A

1 ovulation every 28 days (average)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Oogenesis before birth

A

Oogonium in gonad - 46 (2n)
Pop. of oogonia increase by mitosis (stops before birth)
Differentiate to form primary oocytes - 46 (2n)
Primary oocytes undergo atresia - start meiosis (halts at prophase 1 until puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are primary oocytes encased

A

In primordial follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many oocytes do females have at puberty

A

300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does GnRH influence

A

Small number of follicles recruited each ovarian/menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many oocytes will complete development and ovulate

A

Only one - within dominant follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when the primary Oocyte completes meiosis 1

A

Forms a secondary oocyte and 1st polar body - haploid n=23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What start meiosis 2

A

Secondary oocytes - halts at metaphase 2 - suspended until fertilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does meiosis 2 resume

A

When the sperm penetrates plasma membrane of the ovum at fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens if fertilisation doesn’t occur

A

Will degenerate - atresia - and never complete meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe developing follicle

A

Multi-layered
Granulosa cells
Theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do granulosa cells produce

A

oestradiol

17
Q

What happens during ovulation

A

Oocyte and corona radiata released into peritoneal cavity

18
Q

What are the female reproductive hormones

A 
GnRH
FSH
LH
Estradiol 
Inhibin 
Progesterone
19
Q

Where is GnRH released

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

Where is FSH and LH produced

A

Anterior pituitary

21
Q

Where is Estradiol, inhibin and progesterone produced

A

Ovary
Follicles - Estradiol and inhibin
Corpus luteum - Inhibin and progesterone

22
Q

What does GnRH do

A

release of FSH and LH

23
Q

What does FSH do

A

Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles

24
Q

What does LH do

A

Surge of LH involved in ovulation - formation of corpus luteum

25
Q

What does estradiol do

A 
Assists follicle growth 
Bone and muscle growth 
Endometrial growth 
Secondary sex characteristics 
Feedback to anterior pituitary
26
Q

What does inhibin do

A

Negative feedback of anterior pituitary to suppress FSH

27
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Negative feeds back to suppress GnRH
Endometrial maturation
Maintains pregnant state

28
Q

What does the ovarian/menstrual cycle do

A

Cyclic changes in ovary and uterus that prepare an oocyte/ova for fertilisation and the endometrium for embryo implantation

29
Q

Describe menarche (menstrual period)

A

Part of puberty - increase in sex steroid production (estrogens)

30
Q

Why does menopause occur

A

Reduction of estradiol and progesterone due to absence of or lack of response by follicles
Anterior pituitary feedback no longer active (FSH/LH high)

31
Q

What are the two phases of the reproductive cycle

A

Follicular - preovulatory phase: day 1-14

Luteal - postovulatory: day 15-28

32
Q

Describe the follicular (preovulatory) phase

A

Increased FSH from AP - stimulates follicular growth - secrete estradiol and inhibin - reduces FSH (negative feedback) - follicles undergo atresia, except dominant follicle - secretes large amounts of estradiol (positive feedback) - surge of LH
Follicle ruptures and ovulation occurs - oocyte enters peritoneal space/collected into uterine tube

33
Q

Describe luteal (postovulatory) phase

A

Ovulation follicle collapses and forms corpus luteum - secretes progesterone, estradiol and inhibin - Decrease FSH and LH - Negative feed back to hypothalamus

34
Q

What happens if fertilisation doesn’t in the luteal (postovulatory) phase

A

If fertilisation and implantation don’t occur corpus luteum involutes (luteolysis)
Fall in progesterone and estradiol
Removes negative feedback on FSH and LH and cycle starts again

35
Q

Describe the menstrual and proliferative phase

A

Endometrium breaks down and bleeds
Estradiol stimulates endometrial growth (days 6-14)
Rapid tissue growth - growth of glands and vasculature

36
Q

Describe secretory phase

A

Days 15-28
After ovulation corpus luteum secretes progesterone
Progesterone promotes endometrial maturation
- glands become secretory
- Spiral arterioles grow and coil

37
Q

Describe secretory phase if fertilisation and implantation doesn’t occur

A

Corpus luteum atrophies
Progesterone levels fall
Spiral arteries contract
Endometrial tissue breaks down and bleeding occurs
Shed tissue and blood removed via cervix and vagina

HUBS 192 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions