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HUBS 192 > Reproductive system 5 > Flashcards

Reproductive system 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe coitus

A

Intromission - Erect penis introduced into vagina

Insemination - Semen released into upper part of vagina

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2
Q

What are the stages of the male sexual act

A

Erection of sympathetic (parasympathetic)
Mucus secretion into urethra
Ejaculation - emission and expulsion
Resolution

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3
Q

What are the layer of fascia or the penis

A

Superficial fascia
Tunica albuginea
Deep (bucks) fascia

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4
Q

Compare structure of clitoris and penis

A

Share development origin

Tissue of clitoris are erectile - as in penis

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5
Q

Describe the branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Abdominal aorta - common iliac artery - internal iliac artery - internal pudendal artery

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6
Q

Where does the internal pudendal artery feed

A

Feeds perineum and external genitalia - penis

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7
Q

What are the artery branches to the penis

A

Artery to bulb
Urethral artery
Dorsal artery
Deep (cavernosal) artery

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8
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the penis

A

Richly innervated by sensory and motor nerves
Includes sensory fibres - responsive to touch, pressure, temperature
Pudendal nerve supplies sensory and somatic motor innervation to perineum and external genitalia
Autonomic innervation to penis derived from pelvic plexus

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9
Q

Describe parasympathetic control of male penis

A

Erection - Stimulates production of nitric oxide by deep arteries - dilate and fill lacunae in corpora cavernosa

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10
Q

Describe sympathetic control of penis

A

Ejaculation -
Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle
Reproductive ducts
Accessory glands

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11
Q

Describe somatic control of the penis

A

Ejaculation

Stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles around bulb of penis

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12
Q

Describe the erection phase of the male sexual act

A

Parasympathetic response to stimuli
Arteries in erect tissue dilate
Erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood

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13
Q

Describe emission stage of the male sexual act

A

Sympathetic response
Smooth muscle of ductus deferens contracts to move sperm
Smooth muscle of ampulla, seminal vesicles and prostate gland contract - moving sperm and seminal fluid into urethra

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14
Q

Describe expulsion stage of the male sexual act

A

Semen in urethra activates somatic and sympathetic reflexes
Contractions of urethral smooth muscles
Pelvic floor muscles contract
Semen ejected

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15
Q

Describe the resolution stage of the male sexual act

A

Blood flow to penis is reduced

Penis becomes flaccid

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16
Q

Describe the stages of the female sexual response

A

Engorgement of clitoris, labia and vagina - autonomic stimulation
Lubricating fluid secreted through vaginal wall - mucus into vestibule
Increased width and length of vagina - uterus elevates upwards
Rhythmic contraction of vaginal, uterine and perineal muscles

17
Q

Describe fertilisation

A

Semen releases into upper part of vagina - insemination - sperm travels into ampulla
Sperm fuses with secondary oocyte - completes meiosis 2
Fertilized oocyte/ovum - zygote - initiates cleavage and travels towards uterus for implantation

18
Q

What is contraception

A

Any method used to prevent pregnancy - regulate when and how many pregnancies

19
Q

What are the natural methods of contraception

A

Rely on timing of coitus or behaviour - high failure rate
Rhythm method
Withdrawal method
Lactational infertility

20
Q

Describe barrier methods of contraception

A

Caps, diaphragms - Imperfect barrier - used in conjunction with spermicidal foams/jellies/creams/sponges
Needs to remain at least 6 hours after intercourse - not commonly used anymore

21
Q

Describe barrier methods of contraception

A

Condoms - cheap, readily available, easy to use, reduced risk of STIs

22
Q

Describe steroid contraceptives for females

A

Contain estrogen and progestin
Suppress ovulation - feedback loops of hypothalamus and pituitary
Affect mucus produced by cervix - prevent sperm penetration

23
Q

Describe progestin only contraception

A

Low does of progestin, Effects on cervical mucus
Subdermal implant/injectable progestins
- longer acting
- Acts primarily by disrupting follicular growth and ovulation

24
Q

Describe Intrauterine devices (IUD)

A

Copper IUD - low grade inflammation, reduces sperm transport, toxic to oocytes and zygote, impairs implantation
Hormonal IUD - Contains progestins, affects cervical mucus - reducing sperm transport, Local affects on endometrium, may prevent ovulation

25
Q

What are the types of serialisation

A

Tubal ligation - cut uterine tubes

Vasectomy - cut vas (ductus) deferens

HUBS 192 (36 decks)

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