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Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

All but one of the events described below occur during spermiogenesis. Select the event that does not occur during spermiogenesis

A

Mitochondrial DNA is packaged into the nucleus to be delivered to the egg during fertilization

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2
Q

The cells that produce testosterone in the testes are called…

A

Interstitial endocrine cells

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3
Q

A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental temperature is the cremaster. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Select the correct statement about the events of the ovarian cycle.

A

High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release

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5
Q

The testes is divided into seminiferous tubules which contain the lobules that produce sperm And the ejaculatory duct that allows the sperm to be ejected from the body. True or false?

A

False

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6
Q

All but one of the following statements describes the necessity of the blood testes barrier. Select the one statement that does not describe a necessity of the blood testis barrier..

A

Sperm and can only be produced at temperatures lower body temperature. Inflammation in the testes could raise the temperature too high to produce sperm.

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7
Q

The correct sequence of preembryonic structure is…

A

Zygote, morula, blastocyte

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? Ectoderm, mesoderm, epiderm, endoderm

A

epiderm

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9
Q

Freshly deposited sperm are not immediately capable of penetrating oocyte. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

The period from fertilization through week eight is called the embryonic period. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

A friend confides that she desires to have children but is having trouble conceiving. Which of the following is true regarding implantation?

A

It is estimated that a minimum of two thirds of all zygotes formed fail to implant by the end of the first week or spontaneously abort.

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12
Q

An Episiotomy is an incision made to widen the vaginal orifice, aiding fetal expulsion. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

What destroys the Zona lucida sperm-binding receptors?

A

Zonal inhibiting proteins

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14
Q

A pregnancy test involves antibodies that detect growth hormone (GH) levels in a woman’s blood or urine. True or false?

A

False

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis…

A

Involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes

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16
Q

Human papillomavirus

A

Genital warts

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17
Q

Treponema pallidum.

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

Urethritis in males

A

Gonorrhea

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19
Q

Human herpes virus type 2

A

Genital herpes

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20
Q

Organism responsible for up to half of the diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease.

A

Chlamydia

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21
Q

Produces cells for growth and tissue repair.

A

Mitosis

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22
Q

Produces 4 daughter cells.

A

Meiosis

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23
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate from one another.

A

Anaphase I

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24
Q

Tetrads randomly align along the cell’s equator.

A

Metaphase I

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25
Two genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
Telaphase I
26
Forms the mother's part of the placenta
Decidua basalis
27
Becomes the embryonic disc
Inner cells mass
28
A solid sphere of undifferentiated cells
Morula
29
Forms the chorion
Trophoblast
30
Surrounds the uterine cavity face of the implanted embryo
Decidua capsularis
31
Leads to the development of a morula and then a blastocyte
cleavage
32
Embedding of a blastocyte in the uterine wall
Implantation
33
Leads to the formation of the first cell of the new individual
Fertilization
34
Leads to the establishment of three primary germ layers
Gastrulation
35
Leads to the enhancement of sperm motility and increasing membrane fragility to enable enzyme release from acrosomes.
Capacitation
36
The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are...
cilia and fimbriae
37
The usual site of embryo implantation is ...
the uterus
38
The male homologue of the female clitoris is ...
the penis
39
Which of the following is correct relative to female anatomy? a) the vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the three openings in the perineum, b) the urethra is between the vaginal orifice and the anus, c) the anus is between the vaginal orifice and the urethra, d) the urethra is the more ventral of the two orifices in the vulva.
d) the urethra is the more ventral of the two orifices in the vulva
40
Secondary sex characteristics are ...
a result of male or female sex hormones increasing in amount at puberty
41
What produces male sex hormones?
interstitial endocrine cells
42
What occurs as a result of non descent of the testes?
viable sperm will not be produced
43
The normal diploid number of human chromosomes is
46
44
Relative to differences between mitosis and meiosis, choose the statements that apply only to events of meiosis. a) tetrads present, b) produces two daughter cells, c) produces four daughter cells, d) occurs throughout life, e) reduces the chromosomal number by half, f) synapsis and crossover of homologues occur
a, c, e, f
45
Hormones that directly regulated the ovarian cycle are ...
FSH, LH
46
Chemicals in males that inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis are ...
inhibin, testosterone
47
Hormone that makes the cervical mucus vicious...
progesterone
48
Potentiates the activity of testosterone on spermatogenic cells
androgen-binding protein
49
In females, exerts feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
estrogens, inhibin, progesterone
50
Stimulates the secretion of testosterone
LH
51
The menstrual cycle can be divided into three continuous phases. Starting from the first day of the cycle, their consecutive order is...
menstrual, proliferative, secretory
52
Spermatozoa are to seminiferous tubules as oocytes are to ...
ovarian follicles
53
Which of the following does not add a secretion that makes a major contribution to semen? a) prostate, b) bulbo-urethral glands, c) tested, d) ductus deferens
ductus deferens
54
The corpus luteum is formed at the site of ...
ovulation
55
The sex of the child is determined by ...
the sex chromosome contained in the sperm
56
FSH is to estrogen as estrogens are to ...
LH
57
A drug that "reminds the pituitary" to produce gonadotrophin might be useful as ....
a fertility drug
58
A period during which a morula forms?
cleavage
59
A period when vast amounts of cell migration occur?
gastrulation
60
A period when the three embryonic germ layers appear?
gastrulation
61
A period during which the blastocyst is formed
cleavage
62
Most systems are operational in the fetus by four to six months. Which system is the exception to this generalization, affecting premature infants?
the respiratory system
63
The zygote contains chromosomes from ...
both the mother and father, but half from each
64
The outer layer of the blastocyst, which later attaches to the uterus, is the ...
trophoblast
65
The fetal membrane that forms the basis of the umbilical cord is the ...
allantois
66
Kidneys derive from what embryonic structure?
intermediate mesoderm
67
The peritoneal cavity derives from what embryonic structure?
coelom
68
The pancreas and liver derive from what embryonic structure?
endoderm
69
The parietal serosa and dermis derive from what embryonic structure?
lateral plate mesoderm
70
The nucleus pulposus derives from what embryonic structure?
notochord
71
The hair and epidermis derive from what embryonic structure?
ectoderm (not neural tube)
72
The brain derives from what embryonic structure?
neural tube
73
The ribs and vertebrae derive from what embryonic structure?
sclerotome
74
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus carries blood from...
the pulmonary trunk to the aorta
75
What changes occur in the baby's cardiovascular system after birth?
umbilical arteries and vein become fibroses, pulmonary circulation begins to function, and pressure in the left side of the heart increases, and the ductus venosus becomes obliterated, as does the ductus arteriosus
76
Following delivery of the infant, the delivery of the afterbirth includes the ...
placenta and attached (torn) fetal membranes
77
The umbilical vein carries ...
oxygen and food to the fetus
78
The germ layer from which the epidermis and brain are derived is
ectoderm
79
Which of the following cannot pass through the placental barriers?
blood cells
80
The most important hormone in initiating and maintaining lactation after birth is ...
prolactin
81
The initial stage of labor, during which the neck of the uterus is stretched, is the ..
dilation stage (as opposed to the expulsion and placenta stage)

NAT 502 (6 decks)

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