reproductive system anatomy (10a) Flashcards
(15 cards)
what are gonads
ovaries and testes
characteristics of ovaries
produce eggs through oogenesis
produce estrogen and progesterone (lipid based sex hormones)
characteristics of testes
produce sperm
produce testosterone (lipid based sex hormone)
components of the female reproductive system
uterus
cervix
vagina
oviduct
ovary
clitoris
labium (minora and majora)
breasts
characteristics of oviducts
fallopian or uterine tubes
transport immature eggs from ovaries into the fimbrae (fingers) of the oviduct and to the uterus
ampulla is the site of fertilization
characteristics of the uterus
receives and nourishes the developing embryo
has three muscle layers:
- perimetrium of visceral peritoneum
- myometrium (uterine wall)
- endometrium (where the embryo implants and what sheds during period)
characteristics of the vagina
highly folded fibromuscular tube lined by squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)
birth canal
characteristics of external genitalia in women
called vulva
composed of labia minora and majora and the clitoris (erectile tissue and many nerve endings)
what is an ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that is fertilized outside of the womb, can occur in oviduct (tubal pregnancy), peritoneum (peritoneal) or ovary (ovarian)
occurs because the oviduct arent continuous with ovaries
these pregnancies can naturally abort
components of the male reproductive system
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
epididymis
testes
vas deferens
urethra
penis
characteristics of the testes
outside of the abdominal cavity to allow temperature regulation
has seminiferous tubules (sperm development) and interstitial cells (androgen aka testosterone production)
components and characteristics of the duct system
epididymis: receives sperm from seminiferous tubules and is site of sperm maturation and storage
vas deferens: passageway from epididymis to urethra for sperm
urethra: conducts urine and sperm from bladder and vas deferens to the outside
components of semen
sperm and secretions from accessory glands
what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system and what do they do
prostate gland: produces alkaline secretions that activate sperm flagella and reduce acidity of female/male reproductive tracts
bubourethral glands: release liquid that may rinse acidic urine from urethra
seminal glands: secretions nourish sperm (fructose), thicken semen (amino acids) and assist in sperm movement (prostaglandins)
penis: delivers sperm, glans penis (tip w/ sensory nerves) and erectile tissue (spongy, 3 columns
what are the conditions associated with the accessory glands of the male reproductive system
age-related enlargement of the prostate gland: may restrict urine flow
prostate cancer: detected through rectal exam or blood test to measure prostate specific antigen (PSA)
erectile dysfunction: causes range from psychological issues to damaged nerves/blood vessels, medications prolong effects of nitric oxide (promotes artery widenings)
