Reproductive System Review

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

A type of cell division that results in daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Question 2

What is meiosis?

Answer 2

A type of cell division that results in daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Question 3

If the diploid chromosome number is 66, what is the haploid chromosome number?

Answer 3

33.

Question 4

What is the diploid abbreviation for female?

Answer 4

2n XX.

Question 5

What is the diploid abbreviation for male?

Answer 5

2n XY.

Question 6

What type of cell division do most cells of the body undergo?

Answer 6

Mitosis.

Question 7

What type of cell division do reproductive cells undergo?

Answer 7

Meiosis.

Question 8

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 8

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 9

Where does oogenesis take place?

Answer 9

In the follicles of the ovaries.

Question 10

What do interstitial cells produce?

Answer 10

Hormones such as androgens and testosterone.

Question 11

What is the role of testosterone?

Answer 11

Responsible for developing secondary sex characteristics.

Question 12

What does the head of the sperm contain?

Answer 12

The nucleus (contains all genetic material).

Question 13

What covers the head of the sperm?

Answer 13

Acrosome.

Question 14

What is the function of the midpiece of the sperm?

Answer 14

It is the power plant of the sperm, containing a large concentration of mitochondria.

Question 15

What structure connects the testes to the scrotum?

Answer 15

Gubernaculum.

Question 16

What muscle allows the body to adjust the position of the testes?

Answer 16

Cremaster muscle.

Question 17

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 17

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and vas deferens.

Question 18

What is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 18

A meshwork of tiny veins surrounding the testicular artery.

Question 19

What are the two layers of connective tissue surrounding the testes called?

Answer 19

Vaginal tunics (visceral and parietal layer).

Question 20

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 20

A heavy, fibrous connective tissue that encloses each teste.

Question 21

What is a cryptorchid patient?

Answer 21

A patient that does not have 2 testes in the scrotum.

Question 22

What do Sertoli Cells provide?

Answer 22

Nutritional support to developing sperm and prevent immune response against sperm.

Question 23

Where are sperm stored and matured?

Answer 23

In the epididymis.

Question 24

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 24

Transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation.

Question 25

What are the two functions of the male urethra?

Answer 25

Ejaculation and urination.

Question 26

What produces the majority of semen?

Answer 26

Secretions from accessory reproductive glands.

Question 27

Which accessory reproductive gland is larger in dogs?

Answer 27

Prostate gland.

Question 28

What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?

Answer 28

Mucus containing fluid just prior to ejaculation.

Question 29

What structures make up the penis?

Answer 29

Muscle, erectile tissue, and connective tissue.

Question 30

What is the glans penis?

Answer 30

The tip, distal, free end of the penis.

Question 31

What feature do cats have covering the glans penis?

Answer 31

Short spines.

Question 32

What causes dogs to remain stuck together after breeding?

Answer 32

Erectile structures (bulb of the glans) in the penis.

Question 33

How long does a tie typically last in dogs?

Answer 33

15-20 minutes.

Question 34

What is the sigmoid flexure?

Answer 34

An S-shaped bend in the non-erect penis of bulls, rams, and boars.

Question 35

What connects the ovaries, oviducts, and uterus to the abdominal cavity?

Answer 35

Broad ligaments.

Question 36

What hormone is produced by developing follicles?

Answer 36

Estrogen.

Question 37

What is the role of progestins?

Answer 37

Help prepare uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum and maintain pregnancy.

Question 38

What is the function of the infundibulum?

Answer 38

Catches the egg as it is released from the ovary and directs it into the oviduct.

Question 39

What is the uterus's role during pregnancy?

Answer 39

Where the fertilized ovum implants and helps push the fetus through the birth canal.

Question 40

What is the cervix's state during estrous and parturition?

Answer 40

Usually closed.

Question 41

What is the vagina's role in reproduction?

Answer 41

Receives penis during breeding and acts as the birth canal during parturition.

Question 42

What are the main structures of the vulva?

Answer 42

Vestibule and clitoris.

Question 43

What is the heat period?

Answer 43

The period when the female is receptive to the male.

Question 44

What are the stages of the estrous cycle?

Answer 44

* Proestrus * Estrous * Metestrus (not in dogs and cats) * Diestrus * Anestrus

Question 45

What happens during proestrus?

Answer 45

Follicle development in the ovary and increased estrogen production.

Question 46

What occurs when estrogen levels peak?

Answer 46

The animal is in heat and sexually receptive.

Question 47

What are induced ovulators?

Answer 47

Animals that ovulate after being bred.

Question 48

What is anestrus?

Answer 48

A period of temporary ovarian inactivity.

Question 49

What is follicular activation?

Answer 49

FSH stimulation of the ovary causing a few oocytes to become activated for the cycle.

Question 50

What defines polyestrous species?

Answer 50

They cycle continuously throughout the year if not pregnant.

Question 51

What defines diestrus species?

Answer 51

They have 2 cycles per year.

Question 52

What defines monestrous species?

Answer 52

They only have 1 cycle per year.

Question 53

Where does fertilization of the ova take place?

Answer 53

In the uterus.

Question 54

What is pseudopregnancy?

Answer 54

An exaggerated diestrus period seen in some animals like dogs.

Question 55

What are male gametes called?

Answer 55

Spermatozoa.

Question 56

What are female gametes called?

Answer 56

Oocytes.

Question 57

What unique structure do dogs have in their penis?

Answer 57

Os penis.

Question 58

What characterizes uniparous species?

Answer 58

They normally only have 1 offspring at a time.

Question 59

What characterizes multiparous species?

Answer 59

They give birth to litters (multiple offspring).