Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What are the main components of the reproductive systems?

Answer 1

gonads, genital ducts, and organs

Question 2

How many reproductive systems are there?

Answer 2

2 - male and female

Question 3

What are the three functions of reproductive systems?

Answer 3

1. gamete production
2. embryo support
3. endocrin function

Question 4

What is endocrine function?

Answer 4

secretion of sex hormones

Question 5

What are the testicles?

Answer 5

a sac-filled with seminiferous tubules

Question 6

What are seminiferous tubules and where do they connect?

Answer 6

sites of meiosis, and directly connect to spermatic duct

Question 7

What cells reside INSIDE reproductive tubules?

Answer 7

sertoli cells

Question 8

What cells enclose, nourish, and help activate sperm?

Answer 8

sertoli cells

Question 9

What cells reside OUTSIDE reproductive tubules?

Answer 9

interstitial cells

Question 10

What cells makes testosterone?

Answer 10

interstitial cells

Question 11

Where is sperm stored?

Answer 11

epididymis

Question 12

What nourishes and protects sperm and where is it produced?

Answer 12

seminal fluid via glands
ex) prostate

Question 13

What is a good comparison of an ovaries size and look?

Answer 13

size of an almond, looks like a pearl

Question 14

What is an ovary?

Answer 14

a connective tissue structure

Question 15

What occurs within an ovary?

Answer 15

individual eggs develop within cavities or “follicles”

Question 16

What do follicles contain?

Answer 16

an egg and follicular cells

Question 17

What cells secrete estrogen?

Answer 17

follicular cells

Question 18

What is ovulation?

Answer 18

release of an egg

Question 19

What are the two steps of ovulation?

Answer 19

1. follicle ruptures to release egg
2. egg is captured by oviduct

Question 20

What modification do oviparous animals have?

Answer 20

glands for protective egg covering
ex) shells

Question 21

What modification do some animals like salamanders have?

Answer 21

sperm storage areas - spermatheca

Question 22

Where does embryonic development occur?

Answer 22

uterus

Question 23

What is the term for an egg layers and what are commonly egg layers?

Answer 23

oviparous - rarest in mammals and chondrichthyans and universal in birds

Question 24

What is the term for “with eggs”

Answer 24

gravid

Question 25

What type of development do monotreme mammals do?

Answer 25

oviparous ex) platypus and echidnas

Question 26

What development is live birth with embryo nourishment from the yolk alone?

Answer 26

ovoviviparity

Question 27

What development is live birth with sustained nutrient support for the embryo other than the yolk?

Answer 27

viviparity

Question 28

Where does viviparity development get its nutrient support?

Answer 28

placenta

Question 29

What animals do ovoviviparity

Answer 29

reptiles and chondrichthyans (sharks)

Question 30

What animals do viviparity?

Answer 30

sharks and mammals

Question 31

What is the embryonic organ?

Answer 31

placenta

Question 32

How does the baby get nutrients?

Answer 32

placenta capillaries are bathed in maternal blood

Question 33

What are the three types of mammals?

Answer 33

1. monotremes 2. marsupials 3. eutherians

Question 34

What type of mammal lays eggs?

Answer 34

monotremes

Question 35

What animal has a brief placentation with embryonic completion in a pouch?

Answer 35

marsupials

Question 36

What animal has a placenta throughout term?

Answer 36

eutherians

Question 37

What are the two modes of fertilization?

Answer 37

external and internal

Question 38

Who does external fertilization?

Answer 38

aquatic adaptations ex) bony fishes and frogs

Question 39

Who does internal fertilization?

Answer 39

terrestrial adaptations ex) chondrichthyans - sharks

Question 40

What are the pros and cons of EXTERNAL fertilization?

Answer 40

cons: wasteful of gametes and little parental care pro: lots produced

Question 41

What are the pros of INTERNAL fertilization?

Answer 41

conserve gametes and more parental care

Question 42

What are the three modes of internal fertilization?

Answer 42

1. cloaca juxtaposition 2. spermatophore 3. intromitent organ

Question 43

What mode of fertilization puts sewer holes together and shoots their sperm?

Answer 43

cloaca juxtaposition ex) birds

Question 44

What mode of fertilization is a packet of sperm deposited by the male and taken in by the female?

Answer 44

spermatophores ex) salamanders

Question 45

What mode of fertilization uses a penis or penis-like structure?

Answer 45

intromitent organ

Question 46

what stores sperm in the female reproductive system?

Answer 46

spermatheca

Question 47

What carries sperm?

Answer 47

spermatophore

Question 48

What connects the ovaries to the dorsal body cavity

Answer 48

mesenteries

Question 49

What transfers eggs to the cloaca?

Answer 49

oviducts

Question 50

Where are oviducts located in terms to the kidneys?

Answer 50

ventral to the kidneys

Question 51

Where do the testes reside in terms of the kidneys?

Answer 51

testis (sing.) lies on the ventral side of each kidney

Question 52

What stores energy for gamete production that all amphibians have?

Answer 52

gonadal fat bodies

Question 53

What are the tubes that convey eggs from the ovaries?

Answer 53

fallopian tubes or oviducts

Question 53

Where does fertilization take place?

Answer 53

fallopian tubes

Question 54

What is the birth canal?

Answer 54

vagina

Question 55

Where is sperm formed?

Answer 55

testes

Question 56

What are the tubes that convey sperm from the testes?

Answer 56

vasa deferent or ductus deferens

Question 57

Paired vasa deferent lead to what in mammals?

Answer 57

urethra

Question 58

What delivers sperm to the vagina?

Answer 58

the urethra in the penis

Question 59

What are follicular cells?

Answer 59

cells that surround the oocyte within the follicle

Question 60

What is an immature egg?

Answer 60

an oocyte that has not reached the first stage of meiotic division

Question 61

What is the epididymis lined with?

Answer 61

pseudostratified epithelium

Question 62

Where exactly are sperm produced?

Answer 62

at the apical surface inside the epithelium of seminiferous tubules found in the testes