Urinary System

Question 1

What are the two main components of the urinary system?

Answer 1

paired, dorsal kidneys, and urine conducting organs

Question 2

What three organs make up the urine conducting organs?

Answer 2

ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 3

What are the three functions of the urinary system?

Answer 3

1. control of blood pressure
2. water recycling
3. excretion

Question 4

What is excretion?

Answer 4

ridding the body of extra factors

Question 5

What factors comes out in urine?

Answer 5

water, foreign substances (drugs), and metabolic byproducts such as ions, and nitrogenous wastes

Question 6

What is nitrogenous waste from?

Answer 6

metabolism of proteins

Question 7

What are the three types of nitrogenous waste from high to low toxicity?

Answer 7

1. ammonia
2. urea
3. uric acid

Question 8

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 8

process/filter blood from renal artery

Question 9

What does kidney work?

Answer 9

cellular tubules

Question 10

What are the two types of tubules?

Answer 10

nephrons and collecting ducts

Question 11

What do nephrons do?

Answer 11

make urine and deliver it to the collecting ducts

Question 12

What do the collecting ducts do?

Answer 12

dump urine into branches of ureters

Question 13

What is glomerulus?

Answer 13

a blood sieve due to holes in capillaries

Question 14

What are the three steps to urine formation?

Answer 14

1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Question 15

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 15

blood pressure forces plasma through the glomerular sieve

Question 16

What does filtration in the nephrons EXCLUDE?

Answer 16

blood cells and protection

Question 17

What does filtration in the nephrons INCLUDE?

Answer 17

little factors such as nitrogenous wastes, ions, sugars, and amino acids

Question 18

Where do the little factors go?

Answer 18

they enter the renal tubules

Question 19

What is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 19

molecules/ions are moved from the tubules into the peritubular capillaries to be reabsorbed

Question 20

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 20

ions, some nitrogenous wastes are moved from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule to be secreted

Question 21

What is the kidney’s “power”?

Answer 21

the ability to reabsorb water

Question 22

What animals have the most powerful kidneys?

Answer 22

marine mammals

Question 23

What adaptation of marine fishes assist their urinary system?

Answer 23

gills excrete excess salts

Question 24

What adaptation of sharks assist their urinary system?

Answer 24

rectal glands

Question 25

What adaptation of marine reptiles and birds assist their urinary system?

Answer 25

cephalic salt glands

Question 26

How do the kidneys control blood pressure?

Answer 26

via the renin/angiotensin system

Question 27

What happens when blood pressure drops?

Answer 27

nephrons releases renin into the bloodstream

Question 28

What happens when renin is released into the blood?

Answer 28

Enzymes convert angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

Question 29

what is angiotensinogen?

Answer 29

circulating protein

Question 30

What is the difference between angiotensin I and angiotensin II?

Answer 30

I = hormone precursor II = active hormone

Question 31

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Answer 31

angiotensin converting enzyme or ACE

Question 32

What causes thirst/drinking and pituitary release of the hormone vasopressin? What are the results?

Answer 32

Angiotensin II - increase in blood volume

Question 33

What causes an increased reabsorption of water by nephrons and widespread vasoconstriction? What are the results?

Answer 33

vasopressin - increase in blood volume

Question 34

What does increased blood volume cause?

Answer 34

Increased blood pressure

Question 35

Where is urine stored in life?

Answer 35

urinary bladder

Question 36

Ureters link each kidney to what?

Answer 36

urinary bladder

Question 37

Where does the urinary bladder empties non mammal tetrapods?

Answer 37

cloaca