Required Docs

Question 1

Declaration of Independence

Answer 1

• Everyone has natural rights!!! (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness); rights were violated, had a duty to go against that
• Stating that the people of the united States have equal rights
• Follows the ideals of enlightenment thinkers
• Has list of grievances stating the wrongdoings of the British government/Parliament
• Official breakup letter!!!!

Question 2

Articles of Confederation

Answer 2

• Gave no power to the central government
• Impossible to levy taxes
• No standing army; led to Shay’s rebellion (Led leaders to call for a convention after seeing that the Articles of Confederation were not useful)
• No courts
• Extremely hard to pass laws (needed 9/13 states for legislature; all states for amendments)

Question 3

Preamble of the Constitution

Answer 3

• 6 purposes of the new government
• Pretty much fixing what was wrong with the Articles of Confederation
• Improving the national government to ensure a “more perfect union”
• Ensuring the “blessings of liberty” for future generations

Question 4

Article 1

Answer 4

• Congress
• HoR: state pop
• Senate: 2 per state

Question 5

Article 1, Section 8

Answer 5

ENUMERATED POWERS OF CONGRESS
- fixed AofC; gave power to fed. gov.
- NP Clause: congress may act if they think it is necessary
- Interstate Commerce Clause

Question 6

Article 2

Answer 6

• Executive Branch
• Must FAITHFULLY EXECUTE LAWS
• Voted through Electoral College

Question 7

Article 3

Answer 7

• Judicial Branch
• good behavior terms
• Judicial Review
• decisions=law of the land
• district > appellate > Supreme Court

Question 8

Article 4

Answer 8

• Relations Among States
• respecting each other as states and their laws

Question 9

Article 5

Answer 9

• Amending the Constitution
• both chambers of Congress with 2/3 majority > ratified by 3/4 of state

Question 10

Article 6

Answer 10

• National Supremacy
• Supremacy Clause: Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land

Question 11

Article 7

Answer 11

• Ratification
• Constitution becomes the law of the land after ratification from 9 state

Question 12

6 Principles of the Constitution

Answer 12

• Limited government: Government is restricted on what it can do
• Republicanism: The power of the citizens who can vote
• Popular sovereignty: All the power comes from the people
• Federalism: Different layers of government (district > state > federal)
• Separation of powers: Different branches of government
  Checks and balances: Branches can restrain and check each other
  
  • Congress makes law > President vetoes > override veto IF ⅔ vote in BOTH CHAMBERS of congress
  • POTUS can nominate judges, senate must confirm
  • Congress can impeach POTUS

Question 13

Brutus 1

Answer 13

• anti-federalist paper
• necessary and proper clause (pass whatever they want and think is necessary) and supremacy (fed. law trumps state law) too powerful
• states will cease to exist

Question 14

Federalist 10

Answer 14

• madison
• factions are inevitable
• groups opposed to the common good
• factions not good

solution: large republic! and democrac with checks and balances

Question 15

Federalist 51

Answer 15

• madison
• checks and balances
• separation of powers
• protect interests of everyone by protecting minority groups

Question 16

Federalist 70

Answer 16

• hamilton
• singular executive branch
• energy!!! faster in times of need
• accountability is easier

Question 17

Federalist 78

Answer 17

• hamilton
• judicial review (main power); laws=constitutional (constitution will always prevail)
• long terms and sheltered/politically insulated: don’t have to listen to public opinions (unbiased!!!!)

Question 18

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Answer 18

• MLK
• still don’t have natural rights for african americans
• continue nonviolent protests
• white moderate: bums, agree w goals but disagree w how to achieve it
• Equal Protection Clause motivated the Civil Rights Movement for African Americans