Unit 1 Flashcards
Hobbes
social contract (exchange libery for security)
Rousseau
popular sovereignty (power comes from consent of the people)
Montesquieu
branches of government (_S_KEW, _S_eperate)
Locke
natural rights (life, liberty, and property)
Social Contract
exchange libery to gain something from the gov.
Participatory Democracy
BROAD participation
Pluralist Democracy
no domination; groups compete w/ each other to influence policy
Elite Democracy
LIMITED participation
Shay’s Rebellion
- Farmers of Massachusetts were upset and started a rebellion—the government had no army (due to lack of power given with the Articles) to stop it
- Led leaders to call for a convention after seeing that the Articles of Confederation were not useful
Virginia Plan
- by STATE POPULATION
- gov. w/ exec., leg., and jud.
- bicameral legislature
New Jersey Plan
- 2 PER STATE
- unicameral legislature
The “Great” Compromise (CN)
- 3 branches
- bicameral legislature
- lower HoR (population) and upper senate (2 per)
3/5 Compromise
slave count for population for HoR amount
Federalists
- elite, wealthy, property-men in the North
- pushed for stronger central government
Anti-Federalists
- farmers, less wealthy, less educated (in general)
- wanted states to have more power and feared a strong central government
- needed a BILL OF RIGHTS if Constitution was to be ratified
Dual Federalism
- LAYERED
- distinct, thought not complete, separation between the federal and state
- EX: the national government has exclusive control over foreign policy, and states have exclusive control over other areas
Cooperative Federalism
- MARBLED
- Federal and state governments working together
- EX: the federal government giving tax revenue to the states in order to fund interstate highways; states are allowed to make their own choices but keeping the federal government’s goals in mind
National Powers
- enumerated (explicitly stated in A1, S8)
- implied (non-explicit inferred from NP Clause)
- inherent (powers to gov. just because they’re the gov.)
State Powers
- reserved (not stated for nat. gov. but not prohibited for state gov.)
- EX: regulation of health, safety, and welfare of state population
Concurrent Powers
- both nat. and state
- taxation, establishing courts, maintaining law and order
Grants
money given by the federal government to the state governments in order to do things
Categorical Grants
highly specific purpose of funds
Block Grants
broader spectrum funds can be used for
Mandates
requirements from the federal government that the state governments have to follow using the funds from the federal government
