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rer ewr Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 10 steps for prepping the surgeon (aseptic technique)?

A
  1. Remove jewelry
  2. Cap and mask
  3. Open gown/glove packs
  4. Scrub
  5. Dry hands
  6. Don gown
  7. Don gloves
  8. Tie back
  9. Enter sterile field
  10. Begin draping
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2
Q

What are the 10 steps to prepare the patient for surgery?

A
  1. Sedate/position
  2. Clip from xiphoid to pubis
  3. Vacuum/lint roll
  4. Antiseptic scrub
  5. Rinse with alcohol
  6. Repeat 3x
  7. Move to OR
  8. Final sterile prep
  9. Quarter drapes
  10. Laparotomy drape
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3
Q

What areas of the surgical gown are not sterile?

A

Cuffs, back, and below the waist

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4
Q

What is the order of absorbable suture materials losing tensile strength fastest to slowest?

A

Monocryl < Vicryl < PDS < Prolene

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5
Q

How do you start a simple continuous buried suture?

A

Deep to superficial (near side), then superficial to deep (far side), tie knot deep

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6
Q

How do you end a simple continuous buried suture?

A

Superficial to deep (near), deep to superficial (far), tie knot deep

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7
Q

When should antibiotics be given to ensure they’re in the blood at the time of incision?

A

30 to 60 minutes before incision

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8
Q

Indications for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery?

A

Dirty surgery, clean-contaminated procedures, clean procedures >90 mins

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9
Q

Does wound classification affect perioperative antibiotic decision?

A

Yes — it’s a major factor in determining use

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10
Q

How do you visualize the LEFT abdominal gutter?

A

Retract intestines using the mesocolon

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11
Q

How do you visualize the RIGHT abdominal gutter?

A

Retract intestines using the mesoduodenum

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12
Q

What biopsy method is used at the edge of the liver?

A

Guillotine technique

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13
Q

What biopsy method is used at the center of the liver or diaphragmatic surface?

A

Punch biopsy

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14
Q

What ligament is broken to exteriorize the ovary during OVH?

A

Suspensory ligament

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15
Q

What is the first ligament clamped during OVH?

A

Proper ligament of the ovary

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16
Q

In parapreputial approach to castration, is the linea alba cut straight?

A

Yes, the linea is still incised straight

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17
Q

What does CREPI stand for in orthopedic exams?

A

Crepitus, Range of motion, Effusion, Pain, Instability

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18
Q

Hip hike when stepping on right HL — which limb is affected?

A

Right hind limb

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19
Q

Dog bunny-hopping suggests what type of lameness?

A

Bilateral hind limb lameness

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20
Q

Dog swings hind legs and crosses over while walking — next step?

A

Perform neurologic exam

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21
Q

Dog has head down when right thoracic limb hits ground — which limb is lame?

Study These Flashcards
A

Left pelvic limb

22
Q

What are the 5 forces acting on bone?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tension, compression, bending, torsion, shear

23
Q

What is the strain threshold for primary bone healing?

24
Q

Describe a comminuted fracture

Study These Flashcards
A

Multiple intersecting fracture lines, high energy trauma, soft tissue damage

25
Can general practitioners use MIS techniques?
Yes, with training
26
Why do we perform MIS surgeries?
Less pain, smaller incisions, lower infection risk, faster recovery
27
Can you perform ovariectomy using MIS?
Yes — and also gastropexy, cryptorchidectomy, biopsies
28
What is the appropriate first step before doing an excisional biopsy on a tumor you've never assessed?
Request a fine needle aspirate (FNA)
29
What is the next step if FNA was non-diagnostic?
Incisional biopsy
30
What tests are part of staging a tumor?
Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound (ABDUS)
31
What are 3 key characteristics for selecting suture material?
Tensile strength, suture size, tissue reactivity
32
Why are biological indicators more accurate than chemical indicators?
Because they confirm microbial kill by testing for actual spore death under time and temp conditions
33
Name three sterilization methods and their pros/cons.
Steam: fast, effective, may damage heat-sensitive items Ethylene oxide: for plastics, toxic Radiation: very effective, expensive
34
What are the 3 layers of a bandage?
Contact layer, padding layer, compressive layer
35
What is the contact layer for minimally effusive wounds?
Telfa pad
36
How do you avoid pressure injury at the olecranon when casting?
Add extra padding around it, not on top
37
What do you do if a dog chews its bandage, and foot is wet/swollen?
Remove the bandage completely and reapply
38
What type of splint can immobilize the humerus?
Spica splint
39
What is a Velpeau sling used for?
Immobilizing the forelimb (e.g., scapular fractures or medial shoulder luxation)
40
What is an Ehmer sling used for?
Immobilizing the hind limb after hip luxation
41
Is the linea alba still cut straight in a parapreputial approach?
Yes, only the skin/fat is reflected; the linea is still incised midline
42
What are signs of delayed bone union?
Infection, poor blood supply, inadequate stabilization, old age, poor nutrition
43
What is the description of a fracture (6 key features)?
Bone, location, type, configuration, open/closed, displacement
44
What are two types of tissue biopsy?
Wedge and punch
45
Where do you clip for exploratory laparotomy?
Cranial to xiphoid and caudal to pubis
46
What is the first structure seen on cranial abdominal entry?
Falciform ligament
47
what type of fracture can you use a pin-cerclage for?
long, oblique and spiral
48
3 complications in bone healing
malalignment, delayed, nonalignment
49
Describe incisional vs excisional biopsy, pros and cons
incisional = small mass, less invasive, risk of tumor seeding excisional = entire mass, very invasive, less chance of tumor seeding
50
Staging vs grading
staging = extent grading = behavior of tumor

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