Research Methodologies (ch 2)

Question 1

meta analysis

Answer 1

type of study that is an analysis of multiple analyses

Question 2

case studies

Answer 2

descriptive research method that involves the intensive examination of an atypical person or organization

Question 3

observational studies

Answer 3

participant observation/ naturalistic observation/ covert observation

Question 4

descriptive research methods

Answer 4

observational studies , self-reports, case studies

Question 5

bidirectional ambiguity

Answer 5

concept that in correlational studies, since no independent variable is manipulated, impossible to know whether x causes y or y causes x or if there is a relationship at all

Question 6

third variable problem

Answer 6

a problem that occurs when researchers cannot directly manipulate variables so they cannot be confident that another unmeasurable variable is not the actual cause of differences in the variables of interest

Question 7

ethical considerations when doing a study

Answer 7

informed consent, right to withdraw, confidentiality, mental/physical harm, deception, briefing/debriefing

Question 8

construct validity

Answer 8

extent to which variables measured what they were supposed to measure

Question 9

internal validity

Answer 9

degree to which the effects observed in an experiment are due to the independent variable and not confound variables

Question 10

external validity

Answer 10

the degree to which findings of a study can be generalized to other people, settings, or situations

Question 11

inferential statistics

Answer 11

set of procedures that enable researchers to decide whether differences between two or more groups are chance or due to true differences