RESEARCH METHODS (briefly/not all) Flashcards
(21 cards)
WITHIN SUBJECT DESIGN?
- each participants are in both the experimental group and control group
- each group completes both the control and experimental conditions
- see if the IV had an effect on the DV
BETWEEN SUBJECT DESIGN?
- different participant are assigned into either the experimental or control group
- Each group only experiences one level of the independent variable.
INTERNAL VALIDITY
- how well an experiment is controlled
- whether it show a cause-and-effect relationship between the IV and DV
- potential cofounding factors
EXTENAL VALIDITY
- the results obtained from a study can be generalised to the population which the sample is drawn to
HOW TO WRITE A HYPOTHESIS
it is hypothesized that (POPULATION) who (IV CONDITION) will (DV) compared to those who (IV CONDITION 2)
HOW TO WRITE A CONCLUSION
the results (support/did not support) the hypothesis. it was found that [brief summary of findings: how the IV affected the DV], suggesting that [what this means in relation to the population or theory].
ETHICAL GUIDELINES
voluntary participation, withdrawal rights, informed consent
confidentiality: privacy and protection or participants personal info in a experiment
debriefing: at the end of the experiment, particpants understand the purpose
deception: making ure participants know teh true purpose
REPODUCIBILITY
Reproducibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability to get consistent results when the experiment is repeated under different conditions,
REPEATABILITY
repeatability refers to the ability to get consistent results when the same experiment is repeated under the same conditions
EV
factors other than the iv that can influence the defendent variable
e.g. situational or participant variable
ACCURACY
how closely the results of a measurement or experiment align with the true or accepted value.
PRECISION
the consistency or repeatability of measurements when the same variable is measured multiple times
RANDOM SAMPLING?
ENSURES ALL MEMBERS OF THE POPULATION OF RESEARCH INTEREST HAS AN EQUAL CHANCE OF BEING SELECTED TO BE PART OF THE SAMPLE
(DRAWN FROM HAT OR WHEEL)
adv: free from researcher bias
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
RESEARCHERS DIVIDING SAMPLED GROUPS BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS THEY SHARE
adv: ENABLES RESEARCHER TO SAMPLE SPECIFIC GROUPS
lim: TIME-CONSUMING (EXPENSIVE PROCEDURe
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING:
COMMONLY USED BIASED SAMPLE
(asking ppl to volunteer via news papaer article, Selecting people who walk past you in the school yard, Choosing participants because they are family, friends or classmates.
RANDOM ALLOCATION
PROCEDURE TO RANDOMLY ALLOCATE PARTICIPANTS INTO GROUPS
(TOSS A COIN, NAMES OUT OF A BOX)
ETHICAL CONCEPTS?
non-maleficence, justice, integrity, benefecine, respect
non-maleficence:
the obligation of a physician to not harm a patient
JUSTICE
to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims (FAIRNESS)
INTERGRITY
The commitment to search for knowledge and understanding
BENEFECINE
the commitment of maximising benefits and minimising risks and harms involved in taking a course of action
