research methods in dev psych Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

what is research agreement

A

research conclusions aren’t always the same, new sources may provide bias - read critically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what is science

A

studying the world empirically, asking questions, recognizing and overcoming biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

order of the scientific process

A

observation of a phenomenon - formulate testable hypothesis - select methods/design study - submit research proposal to IRB - collect/analyze data - write paper - submit for review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what should a developed hypothesis include

A

prediction stated in a testable way, offers support or refutes explanation of phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three types of research designs

A

scientific observation, experiment, survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is scientific obs

A

researcher systematically and objectively records behavior, requires careful and measurable definitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

measures in scientific observations

A

reliability, validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is reliability

A

produce consistent results, ex: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, IRR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is validity

A

accurately measures what it’s supposed to
ex: construct validity - correlates with other measures of the construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

three types of obs. methods

A

naturalistic observation, ethnography, structured observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is naturalistic observation

A

observe participants in their natural environment
disadv: does not allow for control over factors of interest, not practical for low base rate behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an ethnography

A

thick description, investigates cultural questions, researcher is a participant observer
disadv: possible researcher influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is structured obs

A

in a lab potentially, assigns participants to specific tasks
disadv: would behavior occur in a natural setting?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an experiment

A

manipulation of environ. or variables to establish a causal relationship between independent and dependent variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how to know if IV is the cause

A

measure DV before the treatment (pretest) and after treatment (post test) and compare results – difference = IV cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pros of experiments

A

internal validity, enables researchers to learn more clearly about relationship btwn IV and DV; random assignment and blinding increases

16
Q

cons of experiments

A

external validity decreases as int. validity increases

17
Q

what is a survey

A

collecting info from large number of people using interviews, questionnaires

18
Q

pros of surveys

A

can control sampling and sample size, good at answering questions about specific behaviors

18
Q

types of surveys

A

self-report, national (w/ nationally representative sample

18
Q

cons of surveys

A

lacks ability to manipulate variables, self-report, validity of measures harder to control, less ideal for examining process behind behavior

19
Q

what is a cross-sectional study, pros vs cons

A

compare different aged children at the same time point

pros: convenient, quick, inexpensive
cons: can’t answer q’s about development, differences may due to cohort not development

20
Q

what is a longitudinal study, pros vs convs

A

follows same children over time and assesses at different ages
pros: can uncover changes over time, strong support for causal relationships
cons: takes longer, need more resources (time, $), participant burden/fatigue

21
Q

what is a cross-sequential study, pros and cons

A

follows several groups of dif ages over time
pros: checks for historical context/cohort differences
cons: resource intensive

22
correlational studies
cannot prove causality, can provide information
23
natural or quasi-experiments
measures effects or changes that occur naturally in real world - comparing groups. that were not set up by researcher, used when assignment to groups is not practical cons: more difficult to determine causality (3rd variable problem)
24
case studies
used with individuals or small groups to come to more generalized conclusions
25
psychophysiological studies
- not subject to report bias or verbal fluency ex: EEG, CAT, fMRI etc
26
statistical significance vs practical significance
results not found by change vs how large difference is between groups (is it realistically significant) - Cohen's D (effect size statistics)
27
pros of meta analysis
small samples can be added together, widely accepted as standardized less biased way to weight evidence
28
cons of meta analysis
variations across studies make combining impossible sometimes, publication bias, unpublished study exclusion
29
experiment disusage
logically impossible - some situations uncontrollable (ex: who will present with symptoms of ASD) ethically impossible
30
ethical guidelines for children by Society for Research in Child Dev. (SRCD)
1. beneficence and non-maleficence - protect from hard 2. informed consent - must be obtained before study (or parental consent) 3. confidentiality - participant privacy must be maintained