Research methods | inferential statistics Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the purpose of inferential statistics?
To generalise findings from a sample to the target population.
When are results considered statistically significant?
When p < 0.05 (less than 1 in 20 chance the result is due to chance).
Which tests are used in correlational studies?
Spearman’s Rho (Ordinal)
Which tests are used for related data in experiments?
Sign Test (Nominal)
Which tests are used for unrelated data in experiments?
Mann-Whitney U (Ordinal)
What distinguishes a correlation from an experiment?
Correlation looks for a relationship/association; experiment tests differences due to IV manipulation.
What are the experimental designs?
Related (repeated measures/matched pairs)
What are the three levels of measurement?
Nominal (categories)
What is a memory aid for statistical tests?
Sign Test
What are the 4 marks in naming/justifying a statistical test?
- Name test
How do you structure an answer when justifying a statistical test?
State name
How do you interpret significance using a critical values table?
Compare observed value to critical value
What is the conclusion template for statistical significance?
The observed value (X) is [greater/less] than the critical value (Y), so we [accept/reject] the null hypothesis at p = 0.05 for a [one/two]-tailed test.
How do you calculate the Sign Test?
- Subtract conditions (A-B)
When are results significant in the Sign Test?
If S ≤ critical value
What is the formula for degrees of freedom in Chi-Squared?
(Rows - 1) × (Columns - 1)
Which test is the only one that needs to be calculated in AQA exams?
The Sign Test.
What’s a good exam tip for statistical test questions?
Sketch a stats table quickly in the exam to help guide your answers.
