Research Week 1 Flashcards by Anna L

Name some barriers to rehab research (5 total)

-Don’t understand the research process
-Don’t understand statistics
-Don’t have the funds
-Don’t have access to a mentor
-Don’t have the time

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T/F Sharing your literature review with your coworkers at your clinic is dissemination of findings

True

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Define Dual Review

If two institutions (with separate Institutional Review Boards) are conducting a study, you need approval from both IRB committees

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What starts the IRB process?

Researchers must submit an IRB for review

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What are the 3 levels of review?

-Full
-Expedited
-Exempt

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Full IRB Review involves: (3)

-more than minimal risk to participants
-a sensitive topic
-minors/vulnerable populations

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Most prospective research that includes an intervention requires a ____________ review

FULL

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Expedited IRB Review involves: (4)

-minimal risks to the participants
-no more risk than expected in daily life (blood draw, physical exam, routine psychological testing)
-survey/questionnaire studies of a non-sensitive nature
-genomic studies

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Exempt IRB Review involves (3):

-pose little risks to participants
-do not involve a sensitive topic
-do not involve vulnerable populations

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How much of the board reviews for:
Full
Expedited
Exempt

Full: the entire board reviews
Expedited: a sub-set of the board reviews
Exempt: chair gives exempt review

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Informed Consent must include (4)

-participants must be fully informed
-consent form should be written in lay language, about 6th grade level
-provision of contact info for the investigator and the IRB
-participants must sign/initial every page & get a copy

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Y/N: can you still analyze data and write the manuscript after the IRB is closed?

Yes

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Y/N: Can you still be an author on a manuscript/poster if your name wasn’t included in the IRB?

Yes

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Evidence-based practice includes the integration of 1) _________, 2) ___________, and 3) _____________ when evaluating and treating patients and clients

1) best available evidence
2) clinical expertise
3) patient values/circumstances

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Many therapists rely on low-quality sources for information which forms the basis for their clinical decision making. Give me 4 examples.

-textbooks
-colleagues
-continuing education that is not evidence based
-outdated info presented in entry-level programs

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What is PICO

a common way to develop a research question

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What is the process of EBP?

-patient dilemma
-ask
-acquire
-assess
-apply & reassess

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P in PICO stands for

Patient or Problem

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I in PICO stands for

Intervention

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C in PICO stands for

Comparison Intervention

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O in PICO stands for

Outcomes

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FINER stands for

F = feasible
I = interesting
N = novel
E = ethical
R = relevant

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Primary source articles strengths (2) and weaknesses (2)

Strengths:
-immediately current
-many are available on-line in full-text

Weaknesses:
-except for PEDro, you still have to read & extract info
-only find articles in journals in their engine

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Primary resources are also called _________ resources

unfiltered

EX:
-RCTs (randomized controlled trials)
-Cohort Studies (pre-determined groups)
-Case-Controlled Studies, case series / reports

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Secondary resources are also called __________ resources

unfiltered Ex: -systematic reviews -meta-analysis

Secondary resources strengths (2) and weaknesses (2)

Strengths -summarizes info for you -don't need to find all and read all yourself Weaknesses -some are better/more comprehensive than others -always dated

When evaluating the strength of an article, you use the ______ _______ _______ pyramid, also called the _______ pyramid.

CEBM Information Resources pyramid; also called the TRIP pyramid

Does evidence become weaker or stronger as you work up the CEMB Information Resources pyramid?

Stronger

1a on the CEBM pyramid describes (strongest/weakest) research

strongest

2a on the CEBM pyramid describes ________ _______ of _______ ________

systematic review of cohort studies

4 on the CEBM pyramid describes....

Case Reports, Small Case Series

Which CEBM level has a notably narrow confidence interval? 1a 1b 1c

systematic review of case-controlled studies look (forwards/backwards) in time

backwards

Systematic Review of Case-Controlled Studies CEBM level?

If my research article has conflicting evidence in other higher level studies, my research article gets what grade?

PEDro is used to measure the quality of a ____

RCT

Scores of a PEDro range from __-__, with a __+ considered a high-quality study

0-10; 6+

Quadas is a tool to measure the quality of ......

a study that investigates the diagnostic accuracy of a test

Quadas score

range: 0-14 high quality study: 7+

what does the first author do? (4)

 Design/conceive the study  Writes first draft  Partners with last author for subsequent drafts  Corresponding author...usually.

What are the 5 parts of the abstract?

-Background / Importance -Study purpose -Overview of the methods -Main findings including effect sizes/statistical significance -Primary conclusions

A reputable journal has what two things?

-an editorial board with a chief editor -a clear description of their peer review process

An introduction should state ______ specifically and give _______ statements

state purpose; give hypothesis statements

what section of a research article contains a: -statement of the problem and its clinical relevance -review of literature and discussion of limitations of existing literature

introduction

What do you do to your null hypothesis?

reject OR fail to reject

You should be able to replicate the study after reading what section?

Methods

4 subsections of Methods

-participants -instrumentation -procedures -data analysis

T/F In the Methods section, you should have clear exclusion criteria

True

T/F Power analysis is an important part of the methods section

True

Instrumentation may be broken into what 2 things?

Intervention & Outcome measurements

Procedures must be ________ and include what 5 things?

reproducible & include: study design written in time-order details of test and treatment administration data collection methods timetable and organizational chart

Where should the alpha levels of the research be provided?

In the Methods section, specifically under data analysis

Results section of the article does NOT include ....?

the authors' interpretation of the results

where are clinical implications and comparison to previous literature addressed in the research article?

Discussion

Confounding variable definition

A variable that could influence the outcome of the study.

2 basic types of research

-quantitative -qualitative

quantitative research test theories using __________

numbers

qualitative research tests theories using _________

language

T/F The IV is manipulated by the researcher in qualitative research

False

The _________ of ____ is one of the key factors affecting the way you analyze the data

level of data

4 levels of data?

-nominal -ordinal -interval -ratio

nominal scale is an (unordered/ordered) set of categories identified by ______

unordered; identified by name

ordinal scale is an (unordered/ordered) set of categories

ordered

interval/ratio is an (unordered/ordered) series of ________-_________ categories

ordered; equal-sized

Which level of data tells you the direction of difference btw two individuals?

ordinal measurements

Which level of data tells you the direction and magnitude of a difference?

Interval measurements

_________ & __________ variables make up qualitative data

nominal & ordinal

_________ & __________ variables make up quantitative data

interval & ratio

Parametric statistics characteristics Descriptive Statistics: ____, ______, ____ Association questions: __________ Correlations Difference questions: _-____, _____

Descriptive Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode Association questions: Pearson’s Correlations Difference questions: t-test, ANOVA

Nonparametric statistics characteristics Descriptive Statistics: ______, ____ Association questions: ________ Correlations Difference questions: (3)

Descriptive Statistics: Median, Mode Association questions: Spearman’s Correlations Difference questions: Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis

3 types of research studies

-descriptive -exploratory -experimental

Descriptive studies have no ________ or ______

comparison or analyses

Experimental Studies are

RCTs

Descriptive studies are __________ and _________ because they simply describe data

normative and qualitative

exploratory studies look for ___________ between _________

relationships between variables

T/F A randomized study can prove a cause/effect relationship

False, no one study proves anything

in a quasi-experimental study, what is used to differentiate the groups

a pre-existing participant variable OR a time variable

research validity definition

the extent to which the conclusions of the research are believable and useful

Research validity has what four areas?

internal validity construct validity external validity statistical conclusion validity

best design to maximize internal validity

RCT

External validity

"Can the results be generalized to my population?"

Statistical Conclusion Validity deals with .....(3)

Low power Violation of statistical assumptions or the use of the wrong test for the type of data Error Rate

population definition

the entire group of individuals of interest

samples are used to represent the __________ and answer questions about the ___________

population

Research Week 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)