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geography > resource management > Flashcards

resource management Flashcards

1
Q

resource definition

A

any physical material that people need and value

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2
Q

resource management definiton

A

control and monitoring of resources so that they do not become depleted or exhausted

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3
Q

why is global demand for energy increasing

A
  • as countries develop they need more energy
    -> industrial revolution
  • population growth
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4
Q

what does global inequality refer to

A

differences between people across countries

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5
Q

resource supply definition

A

providing vital items from sources of natural resources to satisfy human needs and wants such as food, energy and water

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6
Q

resource consumption definition

A

the use of natural resources such as food, energy and water

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7
Q

what are the benefits of importing food from abroad

A
  • can get food out of season
  • variety
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8
Q

what are the issues of importing food from abroad

A
  • food miles
  • bad for environment -> gives off CO2
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9
Q

how much vegetables and cut flowers does Kenya prepare each night to be sold to UK

A

350 tonnes

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10
Q

why is food produced in countries like Kenya generally

A

cost of production is cheaper

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11
Q

what % of Kenyan population works in agriculture

A

more than75%

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12
Q

what % of fruit do we import

A

89%

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13
Q

positives of organic food

A
  • fresher
  • free from chemicals and pesticides
  • free from genetically modified organisms
  • seasonal
  • healthier and more nutrient dense
  • more sustainable
  • supports local farmers directly
  • preserves environment
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14
Q

negatives of organic food

A
  • can be more expensive
  • synthetic chemicals
  • shorter shelf life
  • limited choice of products
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15
Q

local food definition

A

product is produced within 30 miles of where sold

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16
Q

positives of local produce

A
  • reconnects communities with farmers/encourages varied + seasonal diet from food
  • creates jobs and supports local run economies
  • reduces traffic congestion + pollution from food miles
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17
Q

negatives of local produce

A
  • long distance produce at risk of being lost
  • rural economies could be damaged
  • amount farmers paid for produce is continually squeezed
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18
Q

what is agribusiness

A

operating large scale farming with high input of chemicals, machinery and other investments such as irrigation

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19
Q

what does investing in agribusiness mean

A
  • greater ranges and numbers of products are able to be grown in UK
  • extending growing season
    -> reduce need for transporting crops
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20
Q

water supply definition

A

provision of water by individuals, communities, public bodies or companies

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21
Q

water consumption/demand definition

A

quantity of water required to meet peoples needs

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22
Q

water deficit definition

A

water demand is greater than supply

23
Q

water stress definition

A

demand exceeds supply

24
Q

water surplus definition

A

water supply is greater than demand

25
Q

ways to increase water supply:

A
  • save water
  • water transfers
  • building reservoirs
26
Q

save water:

A
  • encouraging people to buy more efficient domestic products that use less water
  • recycling water from homes and using it to irrigate food and other plants
  • cheap and easy to do
  • people might not follow advice which means water is not saved
27
Q

water transfer:

A
  • building a water grid that supplies water from one place to another
  • allows places with surplus of water to move it to areas with water deficit
  • expensive and can affect wildlife
  • uses a lot of energy to transfer the water which can cause more pollution/ greenhouse gases
28
Q

building reservoirs:

A
  • reservoirs can be built to store water for times with less rainfall
  • built in deficit areas to reduce cost of transferring water
  • can create habitats and bring money to areas through tourism
  • can cause areas to be flooded meaning people have to move home
29
Q

sources of water pollution to UK freshwater:

A
  • sewage work
  • rubbish dumped
  • pipe from factory
  • untreated waste
  • chemicals and pesticides
  • oil from boats
  • waste energy oil
  • hot water for cooling processes
30
Q

issues caused by poor water quality:

A
  • toxic waste can poison water -> sometimes toxic waste can be transferred to humans if they eat fish
  • increased water transfer can lead to the death of wildlife and disrupt habitats
  • increased fertilisers can increase nutrients in water, speeding up growth of algae -> may not be enough O2 so wildlife will die -> algae can also block out sunlight to other plants
  • pollution can kill important parts of the ecosystem
  • micro bacteria can cause spread of infectious diseases in aquatic life
  • farmers, whose livelihood depend on clean water, will suffer
31
Q

how can we manage water quality in UK

A
  • pollution traps
  • green roofs and walls
  • waste water treatment
  • education campaigns
  • local water treatment
  • legislation
32
Q

what are pollution traps

A
  • when new roads or motorways are built near rivers
  • pollution traps are placed nearby to filler out any pollution
33
Q

what are green roofs and walls

A
  • new buildings often have the in cities
  • filter out pollutants naturally in rainwater
  • reduce risk of flooding by reducing runoff
  • help combat climate change as they absorb CO2
34
Q

what is waste water treatment

A
  • better sewers and water mains can prevent spills and accidents
  • can lead to higher water and sewage bills to pay for investment
35
Q

what are education campaigns

A
  • inform public about damage caused by putting inappropriate items into sewage systems
  • advise how to dispose correctly
36
Q

what is local water treatment

A
  • local water treatment plants remove suspended solids such as silt and soil, bacteria, algae, chemicals and minerals to produce clean water of human consumption
37
Q

what is legislation

A
  • ensure factories and farms are limited in amount an type of discharge they put in rivers
38
Q

energy mix definition

A

range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable

39
Q

renewable definition

A

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms

40
Q

why has the rate of growth in UK’s energy consumption slowed over time

A
  • using less energy because there are improvements in heating and het conservation
  • heavy industries have shut down, gone abroad or become energy efficient
41
Q

domestic definition

A

energy generated within the borders of your own country, which decreases the need for importing energy

42
Q

why are UK oil and gas production decreasing

A
  • UK reserves are in decline and are non-renewable
  • expensive and difficult to get to them
43
Q

economic challenges of fossil fuels

A
  • much of the remaining coal is hard to access, often underground which is expensive
  • UK’s last coal mine shut in 2015 so coal has to be imported from countries lime South Africa
44
Q

environmental challenges of fossil fuels

A
  • burning off fossil fuels creates greenhouse gasses, which contribute to climate change
  • waste heaps from coal mining create visual pollution
  • access roads and support industries can destroy wildlife and impact land visually
45
Q

opportunities of fossil fuels

A
  • creates jobs in support industries and in the manufacturing of equipment
46
Q

economic challenges of nuclear energy

A
  • expensive to build nuclear power stations
  • expensive to store and transport nuclear waste
47
Q

environmental challenges of nuclear energy

A
  • waste from power stations must be stored for many years to avoid contamination
  • environment can be more dangerous if an accident occurs - leads to release of radiation into atmosphere
48
Q

opportunities of nuclear energy

A
  • creates jobs in research and development
  • after initial investment, energy generated is cheaper
  • nuclear power is considered cleaner and less polluting than fossil fuels
49
Q

economic challenges of renewable energy

A
  • high set up costs
  • impact on visual environment can impact tourism and reduce income and jobs
  • low profit
50
Q

environmental challenges of renewable energy

A
  • wind turbines affect bird migration patterns
  • wind turbines are ugly
  • turbines are noisy and can disturb people and wildlife living nearby
51
Q

opportunities of renewable energy

A
  • lots of jobs created in the manufacturing of solar panels
  • produce much lower carbon emissions
52
Q

what is fracking

A

pumping a mixture of sand and chemical laden water into shale rocks at high pressure
-> this shatters rocks to release shale gas

53
Q

disadvantages of fracking

A
  • unknown long term environmental impacts
  • could be small earthquakes in fracking areas
54
Q

opportunities of fracking

A
  • drastically reduced energy costs
  • reduces US reliance on imported gas and oil

geography (16 decks)

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