Resource Management

Question 1

HICS high/low Calorie intake
Give example

Answer 1

High
USA 3200+ calories per capita

Question 2

HICS high/low water scarcity

Give example

Answer 2

Low
U.K.

Question 3

HICS high/low energy consumption

Give example

Answer 3

High
UAE over 10,000 kg of oil

Question 4

LICS high/low water scarcity

Give example

Answer 4

High
South Africa (physical water scarcity)
Brazil (economic water scarcity)

Question 5

LICS high/low calorie intake

Give example

Answer 5

Low
Chad
<2000 calories

Question 6

LICS high/low energy consumption

Give example

Answer 6

Low
Ethiopia
O-500kg of oil

Question 7

How is well-being effected by water scarcity? Give a reason and double develop it, also state if it’s economical, environmental or social

Answer 7

Social:
Diseases such as cholera and typhoid, dirty water supply
Children don’t attend school, decreased chance of getting a good job

Question 8

How is well-being effected by malnourishment (food)? Give a reason and double develop it, also state if it’s economical, environmental or social

Answer 8

Economic
Higher chance of disease and death-workforce fewer goods-less profit
Social
Children can’t perform well at school-less qualified-lower chance of getting a good job

Question 9

How is well-being effected by having a low energy consumption? Give a reason and double develop it, also state if it’s economical, environmental or social

Answer 9

Social
Cannot heat homes-love in uncomfortable conditions-could get ill
Economical
Industries cannot operate-less jobs in country

Question 10

How do we make electricity?

Answer 10

Burn a fuel - heat water- steam- turn a turbine - spin a coil of wire around a magnet- generate electrical current

Question 11

What is the general trend of change in the U.K. energy mix?

Answer 11

Coal declining
Renewables have increased
Natural gas increased

Question 12

Is UK energy independent?

Answer 12

No, 15,7% of energy is imported

Question 13

How is fracking done?

Answer 13

Chemicals, water and sand are injected into earth

Question 14

What are some risks of fracking?

Answer 14

Contaminated Drinking water supply (uses fresh water)
Don’t know about the components of chemical mixture
Release of methane (stronger than CO2!)
Can lead to earthquake (puts pressure on earth)

Question 15

Which country has been doing tons of fracking in the last 10 years?

Answer 15

USA

Question 16

What is net ZERO?

Answer 16

Total greenhouse emission being realised is absorbed. Soo there is a balance

Question 17

What is an economic issue in exploiting energy resources? Double develop

Answer 17

Fossil fuels Expensive
Nuclear and renewable energy expensive
U.K. doesn’t produce enough energy to be self sufficient soo pays other countries to export-need to take care if international relations-anything anywhere will affect U.K.-dependence

Question 18

What is an environmental issue in exploiting energy resources? Double develop

Answer 18

Fracking can cause mini earthquakes
Fossil fuels release GHG
habitats are damaged by renewable energy buildings like wind farms
Accidents like oil spills! Toxic chemicals into environment

Question 20

Why is water demand in U.K. increasing?

Answer 20

People have more appliances tias use loads of water
U.K. population is predicted to increase by over 6 million by 2040
People are moving to east and south-increased rush if becoming water deficit

Question 21

How much water is lost every year to leaks?

Answer 21

20% of all water before point of use
Millions of litres

Question 22

What are two limitations of water transfer schemes. Double Develop

Answer 22

People might be displaced
Loss of Wildlife habitats-disrupt flow of rivers
Cost of maintenance-machinery + building materials-contribute to climate change

Question 23

What are some strategies to manage water quality and pollution?

Answer 23

Moniter river water quality
Legislation
Tree planting

Question 24

What are some issues with water pollution?

Answer 24

Fertilisers/sewage-eutrophication-algae out of control-reduce oxygen levels-dead zones
Chemicals/industry (heavy metals)-bioaccumulating-damage to food web

Question 25

What does water security mean?

Answer 25

Having enough clean water to sustain well being, good health and economic development in a country

Question 26

What does water insecurity mean?

Answer 26

Not having enough clean water, occurs when there isn’t a reliable, sustainable source

Question 27

What are the global patterns for water surplus and deficit?

Answer 27

Overall, the distribution is uneven. An area with water surplus is the Amazon basin. An area with water deficit is the Great Sandy Desert

Question 28

What factors increase demand for water?

Answer 28

-Population-demand for food-water needed for irrigation to increase yield -Economic development-increase affluence-but more consumer goods increasing industry-more water used to manufacture

Question 29

What are a physical factor affecting water availability?

Answer 29

Geology-if impermeable rock runs off into rivers and lakes and easy to access. If permeable it’s absorbed into ground making it harder to get to Climate-in hotter places, more evaporation, dry areas being drier, increasing risk of droughts

Question 30

What are a socio-economic factor affecting water availability?

Answer 30

Polluted water sources-industrial waste being dumped straight into rivers Over-abstraction more water is removed than can be naturally replaced Limited infrastructure, sewage getting into water sources and contamination supplies-eutrophication-cholera typhoid

Question 31

What is an impact of water insecurity? Double develop

Answer 31

Waterborne disease and water pollution-cholera, ill health-reduced work, reduced economic input Food production-yields go down, famine, displaced population Industrial output-not enough energy, unreliable electricity, less goods produced, less tax from export, less government revenue Potential for conflict-grand Ethiopian Dam on blue Nile “water war” Egypt vs Ethiopia

Question 32

What are the 4 ways to increase supply?

Answer 32

Dams and reservoirs Diverting supplies Water transfer Desalination

Question 33

What are some advantages and disadvantages of building dams?

Answer 33

Advantages: Store water during high rainfall periods to use during low rainfall periods Disadvantages: Expensive Displaced population Disrupts fish migration Long building time More weeds, less oxygen, dead zones

Question 34

What are some advantages and disadvantages of using diverting supplies?

Answer 34

Advantages: Irrigate farmland Disadvantages Largemouth bass and catfish at risk Disrupt fish migration and breeding

Question 35

What are some advantages and disadvantages of desalination?

Answer 35

Advantage: Lots of seawater available Reduce pressure on other success of water Could meet demand Disadvantage: Expensive Used lots of energy High CO2 emissions Need seawater

Question 36

South-north water transfer scheme What % of Beijing’s water comes from the south?

Answer 36

70%

Question 37

South-north water transfer scheme What is a social advantage of the scheme? Double develop

Answer 37

Provide clean water for 500 million people in north-east “thirsty area” secure water supply-less risk of contaminated water-cholera, waterborne diseases

Question 38

South-north water transfer scheme What is a economical advantage of the scheme? Double develop

Answer 38

Over-abstraction is no longer happening-fewer houses collapse-less damage to infrastructure-

Question 39

South-north water transfer scheme What is a social disadvantage of the scheme? Double develop.

Answer 39

Droughts are becoming common in the south. Might not be enough water for 30 million people to drink or irrigate land -less crop yield-risk of food shortages-increased cost of food

Question 40

South-north water transfer scheme What is a economical disadvantage of the scheme? Double develop.

Answer 40

Cost $62 billion of government money- less money spent on other social issues eg school and hospitals Over 3500 businesses were forced to close and relocate-lose money-not production goods-lose source of income “spiral of decline” negative multiplier effect

Question 41

Using water sustainably What are some features of water conservation?

Answer 41

Using less water Fixing leaks in reservoirs, pipes and taps Using appliances that use less water (e.g dual flush toilets) -water meters

Question 42

Using water sustainably What are some advantages/disadvantages of water conservation?

Answer 42

+ reduced amount needed to be abstracted or treated for repeated use -can be difficult to get people to follow the rules

Question 43

Using water sustainably What are some features of groundwater management?

Answer 43

30% of global freshwater Cheap clean water Over-abstraction- subsidence-let the water table recharge

Question 44

Using water sustainably What are some advantages/disadvantages of groundwater management?

Answer 44

+ reduce contamination and over abstraction means aquifers can recharge and the supply remains stable -aquifers can be very large and when countries share it’s hard to agree to a fair amount everyone can abstract

Question 45

Using water sustainably What are some features of water recycling?

Answer 45

Using water that has already been used Filtered and used for irrigation, industry, toilet flushing etc but can be made safe to drink Reduces pressure from groundwater stores

Question 46

Using water sustainably What are some advantages/disadvantages of water recycling?

Answer 46

+ can be used again and again, reducing demand - pumping to and from homes and businesses can be expensive and use loads of energy

Question 47

Using water sustainably What are some features of ‘grey wateri’?

Answer 47

Domestic use Reuse for things like flushing toilets (don’t have to be clean) Collected from washing machines, showers and sinks

Question 48

Using water sustainably What are some advantages/disadvantages of ‘grey wateri’?

Answer 48

+ re-use no energy is used pumping it around the country - can be expensive to set up water storage in homes to catch water from showers and dishwashers

Question 49

Investing sustainable water supply (Kenya) What are some pros and cons of sand dams

Answer 49

+ cheap to build, use local materials, clean water supply, water for irrigation - less water lost my evaporation (stored underground) Not enough water for dry seasons Fish dies-affects local ecosystem

Question 50

How does a sand dam work?

Answer 50

A low, concrete dam is built across a river. During the rainy season, water and sand flows in the river. Sand and water gets trapped behind the dam. The sand prevents the water from evaporating in the dry season. When the river stops flowing water can be extracted. This can be done by digging Well, pumping water out to a trap or simply digging holes in the sand to dig it out.