Resource Management

Question 1

What is the example of a large scale water transfer scheme?

Answer 1

Lesotho Highland Water Project, South Africa

Question 2

What are 3 advantages of the LHWP for Lesotho?

Answer 2

1. The scheme provides 75% of Lesotho’s GDP.
2. Income from the scheme helps development and improves the standard of living.
3. Sanitation coverage across the country will increase from 15% of the population to 20%.

Question 3

What are 2 disadvantages of the LHWP for Lesotho?

Answer 3

1. Construction of the Polihali Dam will displace 17 villages and reduce agricultural land for 71 villages.
2. Corruption has prevented money and investments reaching those affected by the construction.

Question 4

What are 2 advantages of the LHWP for South Africa?

Answer 4

1. The influx of water from Lesotho is restoring South Africa’s water balance.
2. Fresh water reduces the acidity of the Vaal River Resevoir.

Question 5

What are 2 disadvantages of the LHWP for South Africa?

Answer 5

1. The costs for South Africa are $4billion.
2. About 40% of the water transferred through the scheme is lost through leakages.

Question 6

What is the example of a local schemes in a LIC or NEE to increase sustainable supplies of water?

Answer 6

Wakal Project, Rajasthan, NW India.

Question 7

What are the 4 strategies to improve the sustainability of water supply in Rajasthan?

Answer 7

1. Taankas.
2. Joheds.
3. Pats.
4. Education.

Question 8

What is a taanka?

Answer 8

An underground storage system made of concrete, about 3m in diameter and 3-4m deep.

Question 9

What is 1 advantage of taankas?

Answer 9

Concrete creates a cool storage, so water isn’t lost through evaporation.

Question 10

What is 1 disadvantage of taankas?

Answer 10

Producing concrete releases carbon dioxide.

Question 11

What is a johed?

Answer 11

When earth and sand is used to build small dams, to increase the water flow in rivers.

Question 12

What are 2 advantages of joheds?

Answer 12

1. 5 rivers that used to dry up now flow all year.
2. Raise water tables.

Question 13

What are 2 disadvantages of Joheds?

Answer 13

1. Only provides a small quantity of water.
2. Need to be near a river.

Question 14

What is a pat?

Answer 14

An irrigation channel that transfers water to the fields.

Question 15

What is 1 advantage of pats?

Answer 15

Help grow crops.

Question 16

What is 1 disadvantage of pats?

Answer 16

Require regular maintenance.

Question 17

What is education?

Answer 17

Creating awareness of protecting clean water supplies, reducing waste and not extracting too much water.

Question 18

What are 2 advantages of education?

Answer 18

1. Reduces over extraction.
2. Helps for the future.

Question 19

What is 1 disadvantage of education?

Answer 19

Takes time.