Resource management energy Flashcards
(28 cards)
1
Q
Three main reasons why energy demand has increased over last 100 years?
A
- population growth - more people means more energy needed
- economic development - increased wealth in poorer countries - people buying more things that require energy
- technological advancements - new devices being created that need energy
2
Q
People positive impacts of using non-renwable energy sources?
A
- countries with fuel reserves save money by reducing energy imports - make money by exporting energy
- creates enourmous industries that employ millions
3
Q
People negative impacts of using non-renwable energy sources?
A
- fossil fuels finite resource - eventually run out - relying too heavily on them - energy shortages in future
- mining dangerous for workers - risk of flooding and cave ins
4
Q
Environmental negative impacts of using non-renwable energy sources?
A
- mining and drilling remove soil and vegetation - destroys habitats and reduces biodiversity
- burning fossil fuels releaes CO2 - other GHGs - global warming
- nuclear waste can be extremely damaging to environment
5
Q
Three main ways of generating renewable energy?
A
- wind turbines
- solar panels
- HEP
6
Q
People positive impacts of using renwable energy sources?
A
- never run out
- jobs created in industries developing renewable resources
- countries can make money exporting renewable energy
7
Q
Environmental positive impacts of using renwable energy sources?
A
- do not release CO2 or GHGs
- require much less water to run than non-renwables - less likely to contribute to water shortages
8
Q
People negative impacts of using renwable energy sources?
A
- can be very expensive to generate and consume - technology is still being developed
- wind and sun are unreliable sources - without right conditions energy cant be generated consistently
9
Q
People negative impacts of using renwable energy sources?
A
- some solar panels made with toxic chemics like cadmium - can escape into environment when being mined
- habitats can be destroyed to make space for solar farms or flooded when rivers dammed for HEP
10
Q
How is fracking a way of extracting natural gas?
A
- way of extracting natural gas trapped in shale rock underground
- liquid pumped into shale rock at high pressure - causes rock to crack - releasing the gas - collected as it comes out of well
- fracking can help meet energy demands when conventional fossil fuels reserves are depleted
11
Q
Negative impacts of fracking?
A
- shales gas releases CO2 when burned - causes global warming and climate change
- chemicals used in fracking liquid may pollute groundwater - drinking water and air
- fracking uses lots of water - limited resource
12
Q
What is the energy mix?
A
energy mix of a country is the proportion of energy that it gets from different sources
13
Q
How does the energy mix rely on population?
A
- country with large/rapidly growing population needs to generate lots of energy quickly
- fossil fuel sources more attractive than renewable or nuclear - it is cheaper + relatively quick to build
14
Q
How does the energy mix rely on wealth?
A
- developed nations have high energy consumption - lots of people can have cars - rely on oil
- nuclear plants/wind and solar farms relatively expensive to build - changes in public opinion causing governments in developed countries to consider renwable and nuclear energy sources
15
Q
How does the energy mix rely on availability?
A
some countries have greater access to particular sources than others - relates to geography and climate
16
Q
Why is sustainable energy important?
A
- provides energy today without preventing future generations from meeting their energy demands
- important because energy demand is increasing - non-renwable energy resources running out
- humans need to find new renewable energy sources - use energy more efficiently so future generations can meet their energy needs
17
Q
Individuals attititudes toward energy resources?
A
- currently favour non-renewable resources - provide cheap and secure supply of energy
- when fossil fuels start to run out - risk of energy shortages unless investment in alternative energy sources - can increase price of energy - individuals oppose these developments
- environmental awareness increasing - people beginning to favour renwable sources that are more sustainable - areant as polluting
18
Q
Organisations attititudes toward energy resources?
A
- big TNCs e.g. Shell involved in extracting and refining fossil fuels - invest a lot of money into energy sector
- controlling oil reserves gives TNCs power and wealth - may lose money if shift toward renwable energy
- sustainable energy needs more investment that fossil fuels - increasing cost of energy - organisations favour non-renwable resources
- environmetnal organisations e.g. Greenpeace - campaign against fuel extraction and use - negative environmetnal impacts - encourage people to use morse sustainable energy resources
19
Q
Governments attititudes toward energy resources?
A
- government want cheap, reliable energy supplies - likely to support exploitation and use of fossil fuels
- want secure energy supplies in long term - may look into nuclear and renwable energy resources for future
- developed countries - governments starting to come under pressure from some consumers to protect environment - means they want to start using more sustainable energy
- fossil fuels helped countries develop - emerging countries concerned whether sustainable energy will help them develop
20
Q
How is sweden comitted to sustainable energy management? Green electricity certification
A
- sweden developed country - one of most comitted countries in world when it comes to sustainable energy
- aiming to get 100% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2040
- in 2015 - about 53% of its energy came from renwable energy resources
- government set up policy “green electricity certification” - qualification awarded to energy suppliers if their electricity from renwable resources - companies that sell electricity to customers must buy proportion of it from green-certified sources
21
Q
Design of swedish houses?
A
- lots of swedish houses/buildings are “passive” - dont have any heating at all
- instead trap body heat of people in them by being very well insulated - thick walls and windows make sure no heat can escape
- means they stay warm without needed to use energy for heating
22
Q
Swedish road tax 2018?
A
- Iin 2018 - government increased road tax paid on petrol or diesel cars - paying bonus to people who buy electric cars
- led to more people using electric cars run on electricity using renewable energy resources
23
Q
India 2015 paris climate agreement?
A
as part of this agreement india set ambitious targets for using sustainable energy
24
Q
India 3rd largest consumer in world?
A
- india 3rd largest consumer of energy in the world - increasing demands due to:
- rapidly growing population, increasing wealth in population, growth of industry
25
India 2030 plan?
- around 55% of indias energy currently comes from coal - government pledged to double amount of energy it generates from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030
- would represent 40% of tis power - most energy to be gained from solar and wind power - india 4th largest producer of wind power in world
26
India cars and smart cities?
- government introduced measures to reduce use of cars in indian cities - e.g. developing smart cities where everything is closer together - reduce fuel consumption for transport
27
India rural communities? Rampura
- rural communities not connected to national energy grid have set up own renewable energy-generating projects - people from Rampura village in Uttar Pradesh built solar power plant with support from charities
28
India rural communities? Bihar
- in rural state of Bihar - there are power plants which generate electricity by processing rice husks - by 2015 - 84 rice husk powppered plants operating in Bihar - supplying electricity to around 200,000 people
