Resource Managment Flashcards
1
Q
What is aeroponics?
A
Growing plants in the air or mist environment without the use of soil
This method allows for more efficient nutrient absorption and water usage.
2
Q
Define agribusiness.
A
Farms are run as businesses to produce as much food as possible
Agribusiness includes all activities involved in the production, processing, and distribution of food.
3
Q
What does appropriate technology refer to?
A
Technology suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of the local people and their environment
It emphasizes sustainable practices that are accessible to local communities.
4
Q
What is biotechnology?
A
The genetic engineering of living organisms to produce useful commercial products
It includes processes like genetic modification to enhance crop yields.
5
Q
What is meant by carbon footprint?
A
The amount of carbon a person produces
It is often used to measure environmental impact.
6
Q
What does it mean to conserve?
A
To save (e.g. conserve energy)
Conservation efforts aim to reduce wastage and protect resources.
7
Q
Fill in the blank: Consumption refers to using something ______.
A
up
This concept is critical in discussions about sustainability and resource management.
8
Q
What does deficit mean in an economic context?
A
Having not enough of something
Example: the South East of England has a water deficit.
9
Q
Define demand in economic terms.
A
The need for something
High demand often leads to increased prices and resource allocation.
10
Q
What is economic wellbeing?
A
Whether there is enough money and jobs for a good life
This is a key indicator of the overall health of an economy.
11
Q
What is an energy mix?
A
The different types of energy a country uses for its needs
This includes renewable and non-renewable sources.
12
Q
What does famine mean?
A
Widespread, serious, often fatal shortage of food
Famine can result from various factors including drought, war, and economic instability.
13
Q
Fill in the blank: Food miles refer to the distance food travels to get from where it is made to who ______.
A
eats it
Reducing food miles is often associated with sustainability efforts.
14
Q
What are fossil fuels?
A
Coal, oil and gas. These are burned to make energy and will run out
They are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.
15
Q
What are greenhouse gases?
A
Gases released which cause global warming (e.g. carbon dioxide)
They trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
16
Q
What is the Green Revolution?
A
An increase in crop production, especially in poorer countries, using high-yielding varieties, artificial fertilizers and pesticides
This movement significantly improved food security in many regions.
17
Q
Define hydroponics.
A
Growing plants with a water-based nutrient rich solution - not planted in soil
Hydroponics can be used in areas with poor soil quality.
18
Q
What does import mean?
A
Buy into a country (e.g. food is imported to the UK from abroad)
This can affect local economies and food security.
19
Q
What does industrialised agriculture refer to?
A
Farming is becoming more industrialised (it is using more machinery)
This often leads to increased efficiency but can also raise sustainability concerns.
20
Q
What is insecurity in the context of resources?
A
Not having enough of something (similar to scarcity) to last
Resource insecurity can lead to conflicts and humanitarian crises.
21
Q
Define irrigation.
A
Artificial watering of the soil or land
It is crucial for agriculture in arid regions.
22
Q
What does local sourcing mean?
A
Where food is bought from the local area, and not imported
This practice supports local economies and reduces food miles.
23
Q
What does organic farming involve?
A
Grown without the use of chemicals or pesticides
Organic farming practices aim to sustain the health of ecosystems.
24
Q
Define permaculture.
A
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient
Permaculture designs mimic natural ecosystems to enhance productivity.
25
What does production mean in economic terms?
Making something (e.g. energy)
## Footnote
It is a fundamental aspect of economic activity.
26
What does renewable resource mean?
Something that can continually be produced and will not run out
## Footnote
Examples include solar and wind energy.
27
What does scarcity mean?
Not much of something
## Footnote
Scarcity drives demand and can lead to higher prices.
28
Fill in the blank: A resource that is only produced in certain seasons is called ______.
seasonal
## Footnote
Example: strawberries in the UK are only produced during summer.
29
Define social wellbeing.
How good the quality of life is e.g. healthy, warm, safe
## Footnote
Social wellbeing is influenced by economic and environmental factors.
30
What is soil erosion?
Removal of topsoil faster than it can be replaced due to natural, human or animal activity
## Footnote
Soil erosion can lead to decreased agricultural productivity.
31
What does supply mean in an economic context?
Providing something i.e. lots of rain brings a reliable supply of water
## Footnote
Supply is a key factor in determining market prices.
32
What is surplus?
Having too much of something
## Footnote
Example: the North West of England has a water surplus.
33
Define sustainable practices.
Using resources in a way that meets current demand without stopping future generations from meeting their own needs
## Footnote
Sustainability is critical for long-term environmental health.
34
What does undernourishment mean?
When people do not eat enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth or to maintain a healthy immune system
## Footnote
It can lead to serious health issues and affect productivity.
35
What is water stress?
When an area has a water deficit and does not have enough water
## Footnote
Water stress can impact agriculture and human health.
36
Define water transfer.
Moving water from areas that have too much, to areas that don't have enough
## Footnote
This can be a solution to water scarcity issues.
37
What are fundamental to human development?
Food, water, and energy
## Footnote
These resources are essential for sustaining life and promoting well-being.
38
Why are food, water, and energy important for economic well-being?
They support economic activities and growth
## Footnote
Access to these resources is crucial for productivity and economic stability.
39
Why are food, water, and energy important for social well-being?
They contribute to quality of life and social stability
## Footnote
Adequate access to these resources is linked to health, education, and community development.
40
What causes inequalities in the supply of resources?
Factors such as geography, politics, and economics
## Footnote
Some regions may have abundant resources while others face scarcity.
41
What causes inequalities in the consumption of resources?
Differences in wealth, access, and infrastructure
## Footnote
Wealthier nations often consume more resources than poorer ones.
42
What opportunities and challenges arise from changing demand and provision of resources in the UK?
Economic growth vs. sustainability issues
## Footnote
Changes in resource demand can lead to innovation but also environmental degradation.
43
What is driving the increasing demand for high-value food from low-income countries?
Globalization and changing consumer preferences
## Footnote
Consumers seek diverse and exotic food options.
44
What is the growing demand for seasonal and organic food attributed to?
Health consciousness and environmental awareness
## Footnote
Consumers are increasingly concerned about food quality and sustainability.
45
What is a carbon footprint?
The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, event, or organization
## Footnote
It is a measure of the environmental impact of our activities.
46
What are food miles?
The distance food travels from production to consumption
## Footnote
This measure is used to assess the environmental impact of food transportation.
47
Why are we moving towards local sourcing of food?
To reduce carbon footprints and support local economies
## Footnote
Local sourcing can lead to fresher food and less environmental impact.
48
What is agribusiness?
Commercial agriculture that integrates various aspects of food production
## Footnote
It includes farming, processing, and distribution of agricultural products.
49
What are the benefits of agribusiness?
Increased efficiency and productivity
## Footnote
Agribusiness can lead to innovations in farming techniques.
50
What are the problems associated with agribusiness?
Environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity
## Footnote
Intensive farming practices can harm ecosystems.
51
How has the demand for water changed in the UK?
Increased due to population growth and lifestyle changes
## Footnote
Urbanization and industrialization contribute to higher water demand.
52
What affects water quality?
Pollution, land use, and climate change
## Footnote
Various factors can lead to the degradation of water sources.
53
What are the sources of water pollution?
Agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and sewage
## Footnote
These sources can contaminate water supplies and harm ecosystems.
54
How can we manage water pollution?
Regulation, treatment technologies, and public awareness
## Footnote
Effective management requires coordinated efforts across sectors.
55
What is the link between water supply and demand?
Imbalances can create surpluses and deficits
## Footnote
Variations in supply and demand can lead to water scarcity or excess.
56
What are water transfers?
The movement of water from one area to another to meet demand
## Footnote
This process helps maintain adequate water supplies in regions facing shortages.
57
What is meant by 'energy mix'?
The combination of different energy sources used in a region
## Footnote
This includes fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear energy.
58
How has the UK's energy mix changed?
Increased reliance on renewables and decreased use of fossil fuels
## Footnote
This shift is part of efforts to combat climate change.
59
What is renewable energy?
Energy from sources that are replenished naturally
## Footnote
Examples include solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
60
Why is renewable energy increasingly important?
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change
## Footnote
Transitioning to renewables is essential for sustainable development.
61
How does the UK use fossil fuels?
For electricity generation, heating, and transportation
## Footnote
Fossil fuels have historically been a major energy source in the UK.
62
What is energy exploitation?
The extraction and use of energy resources for economic gain
## Footnote
This can have significant environmental and social impacts.
63
What factors affect food supplies?
Climate, pests and disease, conflict, and poverty
## Footnote
These factors can limit food production and availability.
64
What are the impacts of food insecurity?
Malnutrition, health issues, and social unrest
## Footnote
Food insecurity can have widespread consequences for individuals and communities.
65
How can we increase food supplies using technology?
Through irrigation, aeroponics/hydroponics, and biotechnology
## Footnote
Technological advancements can enhance food production efficiency.
66
What is a case study of how food supplies can be increased on a large scale?
Green Revolution in agriculture
## Footnote
This movement introduced high-yield crop varieties and modern farming practices.
67
What are the advantages of large-scale food production?
Economies of scale and increased efficiency
## Footnote
Large-scale operations can lower costs and increase output.
68
What are the disadvantages of large-scale food production?
Environmental impact and loss of local diversity
## Footnote
Large operations can lead to monocultures and ecological harm.
69
How can food production be more sustainable?
Through urban farming, permaculture, and seasonal food practices
## Footnote
Sustainable methods aim to reduce environmental impact while maintaining productivity.
70
What is a case study of sustainable food production in a LIC or NEE?
Community-supported agriculture projects
## Footnote
These initiatives often focus on local production and consumption.
71
What is a resource?
A stock or supply of something that has value or purpose.
72
What are the three most important resources for human development?
* Food
* Energy
* Water
73
What is essential for countries to develop?
Food, energy, and water.
74
How are resources distributed around the world?
Unevenly.
75
What is the daily calorie intake category for less than 1,890 calories?
Less than 1,890.
76
What is the range for daily calorie intake that falls between 2,170 and 2,390?
2,170 - 2,390.
77
In which region is there high consumption of calories?
North America and parts of Europe.
78
Which region typically consumes fewer calories?
Central Africa.
79
Fill in the blank: Energy use per capita is often measured in _______.
[kilo-oil equivalent]
80
What is the energy use per capita in some parts of Africa?
Useless crude oil.
81
Which continent has higher consumption of crude oil?
Northern South America.
82
True or False: Resources are evenly distributed around the world.
False.
83
What does high daily calorie intake indicate about a region?
Higher consumption and potentially better development.
84
What is the energy use per capita range for 1,004.7?
1,004.7 - 1,937.6.
85
What is the significance of food, water, and energy in human development?
They are fundamental for growth and sustainability.
86
What is water scarcity?
A situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply.
87
List three factors that contribute to uneven water consumption globally.
* Wealth distribution
* Geographic location
* Climate conditions
88
How does wealth distribution affect water resource consumption?
Wealthier countries can import resources not produced domestically.
89
True or False: Countries with more rainfall generally have better access to water resources.
True
90
Fill in the blank: Countries with __________ are more likely to have sufficient water resources.
more rainfall
91
What is one technological challenge in accessing water resources?
Expensive machinery needed to extract water.
92
How can climate conditions impact water resource availability?
Climate can alter rainfall patterns and affect water supply.
93
What is a consequence of having uneven access to water resources?
Increased competition and potential conflict over water access.
94
List two reasons why certain foods have a high demand for water.
* Population growth
* Dietary preferences
95
What is a significant impact of water scarcity on agriculture?
Reduced crop yields and food security.
96
Fill in the blank: The __________ of living can influence the demand for water.
standard
97
What year is referenced regarding the impact of water scarcity?
2007
98
How many people live without clean water?
663 million people
## Footnote
This statistic highlights the global water crisis and its impact on health.
99
What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sanitation?
2.4 billion people
## Footnote
This figure underscores the sanitation challenges faced in many regions.
100
Which demographic primarily lacks access to clean water?
The world's poorest people
## Footnote
This indicates a significant inequality in resource distribution.
101
What is the impact of water scarcity on social well-being?
Diminished social well-being
## Footnote
Access to clean water is crucial for community health and stability.
102
What are the economic impacts of inadequate water access?
* Reduced workforce productivity
* Increased healthcare costs
## Footnote
Lack of clean water can lead to greater economic burdens on communities.
103
What is the role of energy in industrial activities?
Powers factories, machinery, and provides fuel for transport
## Footnote
Energy is essential for economic growth and infrastructure development.
104
Which country is noted as the richest by GDP per capita?
Qatar
## Footnote
Qatar's wealth is largely due to its significant gas and oil reserves.
105
What is the trend in energy consumption as NEEs industrialize?
Increased energy consumption
## Footnote
Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) require more energy as they develop.
106
List the primary sources of energy consumption.
* Renewables
* Nuclear
* Hydroelectric
* Gas
* Coal
* Oil
## Footnote
These sources reflect the global energy mix and its evolution.
107
What does the WHO suggest as the daily calorie requirement for health?
2000-2400 calories per day
## Footnote
This recommendation is crucial for understanding global nutrition needs.
108
How many people fall below the recommended calorie intake?
Over 1 billion people
## Footnote
This highlights a significant global issue of food insecurity.
109
What proportion of the world's population is employed in agriculture?
Around 40%
## Footnote
Agriculture is a critical sector for employment in many economies.
110
What are the social impacts of food insecurity?
* Increased mortality rates
* Lower literacy rates
* Reduced life expectancy
## Footnote
Food insecurity can have long-term effects on community health and education.
111
What economic effects are associated with high food costs?
* Less disposable income
* Reduced tax revenue
* Higher rates of malnourishment
## Footnote
Economic strain from food expenses can impact overall economic growth.
112
True or False: Food insecurity can lead to higher employment rates.
False
## Footnote
Food insecurity often correlates with lower employment opportunities due to health issues.
113
What are the reasons for the uneven distribution of food around the world?
Factors include climate, geography, economic policies, and technology
## Footnote
These factors affect agricultural productivity and resource availability.
114
What is the link between a country's energy consumption and its economic growth?
Higher energy consumption often correlates with increased industrial activity and economic development
## Footnote
Energy is essential for powering industries, transportation, and infrastructure.
115
Why are food, water, and energy important for economic well-being?
They are essential for production, health, and quality of life
## Footnote
Access to these resources drives economic activities and sustains livelihoods.
116
Why are food, water, and energy important for social well-being?
They contribute to health, education, and overall quality of life
## Footnote
Adequate access to these resources fosters stability and community development.
117
What causes inequalities in the supply of resources such as food, energy, and water?
Factors include geographical variations, political instability, and economic disparities
## Footnote
These factors can limit access and distribution of resources.
118
What leads to inequalities in the consumption of resources like food, energy, and water?
Economic status, population density, and technological access influence consumption patterns
## Footnote
Wealthier nations typically consume more resources than poorer ones.
119
What is the expected population of the UK by 2037?
73 million
## Footnote
This is an increase from 64 million in 2015.
120
What percentage of food consumed in the UK is imported?
40%
## Footnote
The UK is not self-sufficient in food supplies.
121
List the three main trends in food consumption in the UK.
* High value food imports from low income countries
* All year demand for seasonal food
* Increasing demand for organic produce
122
Why does the UK import so much food?
* Cannot grow enough food
* Not enough agricultural labor
* Cheaper to buy from other countries
123
Fill in the blank: The UK imports approximately _______ of the total food consumed.
40%
124
True or False: The UK is self-sufficient in food supplies.
False
## Footnote
The UK relies on imports for a significant portion of its food.
125
What is the term for the distance travelled by food?
Food miles
## Footnote
Food miles refer to the distance food travels from production to consumer.
126
What percentage of the total UK CO2 emissions is contributed by food?
17%
## Footnote
This percentage indicates the impact of food production and consumption on overall emissions.
127
How much CO2 is added to the atmosphere each year by food transport into the UK?
Over 19 million tonnes
## Footnote
This figure highlights the environmental impact of food importation.
128
What is the biggest source of income for Kenyan farmers?
Growing and selling mangetout
## Footnote
Mangetout, a type of edible pea, is a significant cash crop for farmers in Kenya.
129
What are the main challenges faced by farmers in LICs?
Casual labor with no job security, low pay, unreliable water supply, and lack of health regulations
## Footnote
These challenges affect the livelihoods and health of agricultural workers.
130
True or False: Globalisation has decreased the demand for exotic produce in the UK.
False
## Footnote
Globalisation has increased the demand for exotic produce, providing jobs in LICs.
131
What are the two main changes to farming practices in response to food insecurity in the UK?
* Agribusiness
* Organic produce
## Footnote
Agribusiness focuses on intensive farming, while organic produce is grown without chemicals.
132
Fill in the blank: Agribusiness farms are run as a _______.
Commercial business
## Footnote
Agribusiness emphasizes maximizing food production through investment and technology.
133
What is the primary focus of agribusiness?
Maximizing the amount of food produced
## Footnote
Agribusiness utilizes modern technology and chemicals for high productivity.
134
What type of farming avoids the use of chemicals?
Organic produce
## Footnote
Organic farming is often more labor-intensive and expensive.
135
What is an example of an agribusiness farm mentioned in the text?
Lynford House Farm
## Footnote
Lynford House Farm is located in East Anglia, England, and is a large arable farm.
136
What are the main crops grown at Lynford House Farm?
* Wheat
* Sugar beet
* Potatoes
## Footnote
These crops are well-suited to the fertile soils and climate of the area.
137
What investment has Lynford House Farm made to address water shortages?
A 54-million litre reservoir
## Footnote
This investment helps tackle frequent water shortages in the dry area.
138
What impact does importing food have on local food availability in LICs?
Less land available for locals to grow food to eat
## Footnote
Increased demand for food in the UK affects local food security in LICs.
139
What is a significant environmental concern regarding food transport?
Increases carbon footprint
## Footnote
Transporting food contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
140
What are the advantages of buying locally sourced food?
Reduces carbon footprint
* Supports local farmers
* Encourages seasonal eating
* Enhances community economy
* Improves freshness of produce
* Reduces food miles
## Footnote
Local sourcing minimizes transportation emissions and promotes sustainable agricultural practices.
141
What is meant by 'organic' in food production?
Pests controlled naturally
* Crop rotation for soil fertility
* Animals farmed without antibiotics
## Footnote
Organic farming emphasizes ecological balance and biodiversity.
142
What are the disadvantages of local food sourcing?
Longer to grow produce
* Higher cost compared to mass-produced food
* Limited availability of certain foods
## Footnote
Local food may not always be economically viable for consumers.
143
What is a carbon footprint?
The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product
## Footnote
It is often measured in equivalent tons of CO2.
144
What are food miles?
The distance food travels from production to consumer
## Footnote
Reducing food miles is important for minimizing carbon emissions.
145
Why is there an increasing demand for high-value food from low-income countries?
Due to globalization
* Changes in consumer preferences
* Increased availability of international produce
## Footnote
High-value foods include exotic fruits, vegetables, and specialty items that are often imported.
146
Why is there a growing demand for seasonal and organic food?
Health consciousness
* Environmental awareness
* Support for local economies
## Footnote
Consumers are increasingly prioritizing sustainability and health in their food choices.
147
Fill in the blank: Eating seasonal produce that is grown in the UK involves _______.
[buying food from local farmers and shops]
148
Fill in the blank: Farmers rotate crops to keep the _______.
[soil fertile]
149
What percentage of the UK's water supply is used domestically?
Almost 50%
## Footnote
This indicates the significant domestic demand for water in the UK.
150
What percentage of water is wasted through leaks in the UK?
21%
## Footnote
This highlights the inefficiencies in the water supply system.
151
What are some factors contributing to the increasing demand for water in the UK? (List as many as you can)
* Increase in population
* More houses being built
* An increase in the use of appliances
## Footnote
These factors indicate a growing need for water resources.
152
What are the main sources of water in the UK?
* Rivers
* Reservoirs
* Groundwater aquifers
## Footnote
These sources play a crucial role in meeting the UK's water supply needs.
153
Does the UK currently receive enough rain to meet water demand?
Yes, but rain doesn't always fall where it is most needed
## Footnote
This creates challenges in water distribution despite adequate overall supply.
154
What is the water stress classification in the UK?
* Serious
* Moderate
* Low
* Not assessed
## Footnote
This classification helps in understanding the varying levels of water availability across regions.
155
Fill in the blank: The main storage reservoirs are located in the _______ and _______ near London.
[east] and [west]
## Footnote
These geographical areas are significant for water storage in the UK.
156
True or False: The demand for water in the UK is decreasing.
False
## Footnote
The demand for water is increasing due to several factors.
157
What are some ways to save water?
* Domestic water meters
* Increasing the use of recycled water
* More efficient domestic appliances
* Use of grey water (e.g. for irrigation)
## Footnote
Phosphorous and nitrogen in the water are great nutrients
158
What was proposed by the government in 2006 to address water surplus and deficit?
Establish a water grid to transfer water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit
159
Which rivers are currently used for water transfer?
* River Tyne
* River Tees
* River Derwent
* River Wear
## Footnote
Water is transferred as far south as Yorkshire
160
Where is Kielder Reservoir located?
In the Pennines, an area of high land
161
Why does Kielder Reservoir receive more rain?
It is located in an area of high land, while areas to the east lie in the rain shadow
162
What cities benefit from the water transported from Kielder Reservoir?
* Newcastle-upon-Tyne
* Sunderland
* Durham
* Darlington
* Middlesbrough
163
What is one advantage of Kielder Reservoir?
Electricity is generated through hydroelectric power (HEP) at the dam
164
How has Kielder Reservoir impacted water insecurity in the north east?
It has reduced water insecurity by increasing the water flow in rivers that feed into cities
165
What economic benefits has tourism at Kielder Reservoir brought?
Created new jobs and generated incomes through water sports and scenic visits
166
What is one disadvantage of the Kielder dam?
The breeding patterns of fish have been disrupted
167
What environmental impact has the dam had on river habitats?
Fewer pebbles travel downstream, which impacts on habitats
168
What social consequence occurred due to the establishment of Kielder Reservoir?
Many families were moved from their homes
169
What was lost when the land behind the dam flooded?
Farmland and many habitats
170
What percentage of water in the UK could be polluted or of poor quality?
15 percent
## Footnote
This statistic highlights the significant issue of water quality in the UK.
171
Name three sources of water pollution mentioned.
Farming, untreated waste, sewage
## Footnote
These sources contribute to the contamination of water bodies.
172
What effect does farming have on water pollution?
Pesticides and fertilizers run off into water
## Footnote
This runoff can lead to the contamination of local water sources.
173
How does untreated waste contribute to water pollution?
Contains bacteria and may be pumped into rivers and seas
## Footnote
This can harm aquatic life and make water unsafe for human consumption.
174
What contaminants may run off from roads and motorways?
Oil, heavy metals, salt
## Footnote
These contaminants can significantly affect the quality of nearby water bodies.
175
True or False: Pollution from industry may contain metals and chemicals.
True
## Footnote
Industrial pollution is a major concern for water quality.
176
Fill in the blank: Pollution from farming can _______ local biodiversity.
harm
## Footnote
The impact on biodiversity is a critical environmental concern.
177
What is a consequence of sewage being released into water bodies?
Contamination of drinking water
## Footnote
This poses a serious health risk to the population.
178
What legislation is in place to manage water quality in the UK?
Strict laws limit the amount and type of waste farms and factories can put into rivers.
## Footnote
Companies that violate these laws face fines.
179
What is the purpose of education campaigns regarding water quality?
To inform the public about the damage caused by putting inappropriate items into sewage systems, such as baby wipes and cooking oil.
## Footnote
These campaigns aim to reduce contamination and promote proper disposal methods.
180
What role do local water treatment plants play in water quality management?
They remove solids to produce clean water for human consumption.
## Footnote
This process is crucial for ensuring safe drinking water.
181
What is the impact of investing in new infrastructure for water management?
Better sewers and water mains can prevent leakages and accidents, but this leads to higher bills for customers.
## Footnote
Infrastructure improvements are essential for long-term water quality and supply.
182
What is a potential problem of large-scale water transfers in the UK?
Problems may include environmental impacts, disruption of local ecosystems, and increased costs.
## Footnote
Evaluating these issues is important for sustainable water management.
183
How has the demand for water changed over time?
The demand for water has increased due to population growth and urbanization.
## Footnote
This creates challenges in balancing supply and demand.
184
What factors affect water quality?
Pollution sources, agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and sewage discharge.
## Footnote
Each of these factors can significantly degrade water quality.
185
What are common sources of water pollution?
Agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, sewage, and plastic waste.
## Footnote
Effective management strategies are needed to address these sources.
186
What is the link between water supply and demand?
Imbalances can create surpluses and deficits in water availability.
## Footnote
Understanding this link is crucial for efficient water resource management.
187
What are water transfers and how do they help maintain water supplies?
Water transfers involve moving water from one area to another to balance supply and demand.
## Footnote
They can help mitigate shortages in regions facing deficits.
188
What is fracking?
Fracking is a relatively new way of accessing natural gas trapped in rock, deep underground.
189
What is the process involved in fracking?
High pressure liquids (water, sand, and chemicals) are forced into shale rocks to crack it and release the gas.
190
Why is fracking considered controversial?
Fracking is highly controversial due to environmental concerns and potential impacts on water sources.
191
What percentage of the UK's known oil and gas reserves have been used?
79%
192
By 2020, what percentage of the UK's energy will be imported?
Two thirds
193
What has been the major change in the UK's energy mix?
The decline in coal and the increase in renewable energy sources.
194
What is one reason energy consumption has fallen in the UK in recent years?
The decline in coal usage.
195
What is the name of the oilfield east of the Shetland Isles?
Felicity
196
How much has oil production in the UK fallen each year over the last decade?
By a certain percentage (not specified in the text).
197
What natural resource is the UK becoming increasingly dependent on importing?
Gas
198
What are the renewable sources mentioned in the UK's changing energy mix?
Solar, offshore wind, onshore wind, and bioenergy.
199
Fill in the blank: The renewable share of total electricity generation has changed over _______ years.
25
200
What is fracking?
A method of extracting natural gas from deep underground by injecting high-pressure fluid into rock formations
## Footnote
Fracking is also known as hydraulic fracturing.
201
Why is fracking happening more often?
Increased demand for energy and profitability
## Footnote
Fracking allows access to previously unreachable natural gas reserves.
202
What are the advantages of fracking?
Profitable, increases energy supply
## Footnote
It can lead to lower natural gas prices.
203
What are the economic impacts of energy exploitation?
High costs for construction and decommissioning
## Footnote
Nuclear power plants are particularly expensive to build and dismantle.
204
What is a significant cost associated with nuclear power plants?
The proposed new Hinkley Point plant could cost £18 billion
## Footnote
Funding for this plant involves investment from China.
205
What are the environmental benefits of wind farms?
Avoid harmful gas emissions and reduce carbon footprint
## Footnote
Wind energy is considered a clean energy source.
206
What is the significance of Delabole wind farm?
The UK's first commercial wind farm
## Footnote
It has set up a Community Fund benefiting local homeowners.
207
What are some negative impacts of wind energy?
Visual impact, noise from turbines, and potential harm to local ecosystems
## Footnote
Concerns include effects on tourism and local wildlife.
208
What is a key challenge associated with nuclear energy?
Safe processing and storage of highly toxic and radioactive waste
## Footnote
This remains a significant issue for nuclear power.
209
What are the job-related benefits of constructing new energy plants?
Provides job opportunities and boosts the local economy
## Footnote
Both renewable and non-renewable energy projects can create employment.
210
Fill in the blank: 'Energy mix' refers to the combination of _______.
[different energy sources used to meet energy demand]
211
How has the UK's energy mix changed?
Shifted from reliance on fossil fuels to increasing use of renewables
## Footnote
This shift is driven by environmental concerns and policy changes.
212
What is renewable energy?
Energy from sources that are naturally replenished
## Footnote
Examples include solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
213
How does the UK use fossil fuels?
For electricity generation, heating, and transportation
## Footnote
Despite the shift towards renewables, fossil fuels still play a significant role.
214
What is energy exploitation?
The process of extracting energy resources from the environment
## Footnote
This can have various environmental and economic impacts.
215
True or False: Wind farms can negatively impact visitor numbers in tourist areas.
True
## Footnote
Visual and noise concerns can deter visitors.
