Resources from the Sea (part 1)

Question 1

How many percent of the world’s major fisheries are located on coastal waters and over half of the catches are taken from less than 7% of the ocean surface?

Answer 1

95%

Question 2

Richest fishing areas of the world are located in _____ just beyond the continental shelf

Answer 2

Upwelling areas

Question 3

Richest fishing areas of the world are located in
UPWELLING areas just beyond the _

Answer 3

continental shelf

Question 4

true or false: Primary production is higher over the shelf than farther offshore, supporting much more abundant life

Answer 4

True

Question 5

animals that aren’t caught can continue to reproduce and replace those that are caught

Answer 5

Renewable resources

Question 6

Enumeration

What are the goals of fisheries management?

Answer 6

• maintain resources by enacting policies
• setting catch limits that prevent overfishing to the point of extinction
• allow enough animals to survive and reproduce so that there will be fish and shellfish to catch in the future

Question 7

Enumeration

What are the physical and biological factors that affect an organism’s growth and survival?

Answer 7

optimal water temperature and salinity
where and on what it feeds
where and when it reproduces
migratory patterns

Question 8

separate populations

Answer 8

stocks

Question 9

True or False: each stock is assumed not to be reproductively isolated from other stocks

Answer 9

False;

assumed to be reproductively isolated from other stocks

Question 10

fisheries biologists monitor stocks by _

Answer 10

tagging or using molecular markers

Question 11

fishes are caught and marked with identification tags,
usually made of plastic or metal, and then released

Answer 11

tagging

Question 12

plastic or metal tag is placed in the fish’s fin; when the fish is caught again, the catch data and the tag are sent back to the laboratory that inserted it

Answer 12

tagging

Question 13

catch made by fishing vessels

Answer 13

landings

Question 14

majority of fisheries data are obtained by monitoring _, the catch made by fishing vessels

Answer 14

landings

Question 15

takes into account the number of boats fishing, the number of fishers working, and the number of hours that they spend fishing

Answer 15

fishing effort

Question 16

number of pounds of fish or shellfish that the stock can yield per year without being overexploited

Answer 16

potential yield

Question 17

develop management plans that will maximize the yield over several years while not stressing the population

Answer 17

sustainable yield

Question 18

none catch only one species of fish, and because species usually has a different optimal size, one species will be managed properly whereas another will not

Answer 18

net disadvantage

Question 19

fish are caught faster than they reproduce and replace themselves

Answer 19

overfishing

Question 20

can adversely affect ecosystems by changing genetic and species diversity and damaging or destroying habitat

Answer 20

overfishing

Question 21

True or False: constant removal of the larger fish over time tends to favor the survival of smaller fish that mature at an earlier age and smaller size

Answer 21

True

Question 22

large nets that are dragged along the bottom

Answer 22

trawls

Question 23

can be highly effective, and their mesh size and length are often regulated for taking particular catches or for reducing by-catch

Answer 23

gill nets

Question 24

important for capturing schooling fishes like clupeoid fishes and tuna

Answer 24

purse seines

Question 25

The use of _ and _ is controversial due to the large, unintentional by-catch

Answer 25

longlines and trawls

Question 26

Both the size and species of fishes caught by nets can be controlled by the _

Answer 26

net's mesh size

Question 27

affect the biological diversity of an area by reducing the number of species in an ecosystem

Answer 27

overfishing

Question 28

coastal zones are also called _

Answer 28

exclusive economic zones

Question 29

includes what areas can be fished, what fish can be caught, and the limits are all negotiated with the government of the country in whose water the operator is fishing

Answer 29

Coastal zones (exclusive economic zones)

Question 30

areas of ocean to which a country holds exclusive fishing rights

Answer 30

Exclusive Economic Zones (coastal zones)

Question 31

The zone generally extends out to 200 miles of the country's coast. Other countries can fish in these zones, but only with the permission of the controlling country

Answer 31

Coastal Zones

Question 32

consists of the noncommercial animals killed during fishing for commercial species

Answer 32

by catch

Question 33

by catch are also called

Answer 33

incidental catch

Question 34

noncommercial fishes that are killed during fishing for commercial species

Answer 34

trash fish

Question 35

many fishing techniques capture large amounts of non-commercial species as well as commercial catch.

Answer 35

Wasteful fishing

Question 36

True or False: The non-commercial species, or by-catch, is returned alive to the ocean and represent a waste of marine resources.

Answer 36

False; | The species are returned dead to the ocean

Question 37

Drift nets are made up of sections called _

Answer 37

tans

Question 38

produces large numbers of by catch; retrieves the net in the morning

Answer 38

drift nets

Question 39

As much as 60 kilometers of net are set in the evening, and fish and squid get tangled as they swim into the net; the nets are retrieved in the morning, and the catch is removed and refrigerated

Answer 39

drift net fishing

Question 40

dragged along the ocean floor; damages benthic ecosystems and produces a large by catch

Answer 40

Trawling

Question 41

Inefficient use of the catch

Answer 41

sharks fin soup

Question 42

use of agricultural techniques to breed and raise marine organisms

Answer 42

aquaculture

Question 42

Salmon are raised in hatcheries like the one founf in Newfoundland Canada to supplement the commercial salmon catch

Answer 42

Salmon Hatcheries

Question 43

juveniles of commercially valuable mollusks are collected from natural populations and attached to ropes suspended from rafts

Answer 43

raft culture

Question 44

seaweeds are grown from spores or vegetative fragments in large tanks

Answer 44

algal aquaculture

Question 45

seaweeds are grown from spores attached to rope nets that sway in large water tanks or from vegetative fragments that grow unattached in large rotating drums

Answer 45

seaweed farming (algal aquaculture)

Question 46

used sewage nutrients to produce algae to feed oysterms

Answer 46

ecofriendly aquaculture

Question 47

Anchovies are from which family?

Answer 47

Family Engraulidae

Question 47

# enumeration What are the problems with aquaculture?

Answer 47

1. mangrove ecosystem is destroyed to make room for the shrimp farms 2. farms quickly becomes polluted from accumulated wastes 3. application of antibiotics and pesticides 4. overfishing to feed the cultured organisms

Question 48

small, fast growing fishes that feed on the bountiful phytoplankton in upwelling areas along the coast

Answer 48

Anchovies

Question 49

world's largest fish catch for any single species

Answer 49

anchovies

Question 50

True or False: As the anchovy population increases, there is some evidence that sardines may be entering their niche

Answer 50

False: | as anchovies population decreases, there are evidences that sardines may

Question 51

includes sophisticated an expensive operation

Answer 51

tuna

Question 52

is set in a large circle around a school of fish where the ends of the net are drawn together and puled closed much like pulling on a drawstring bag

Answer 52

purse seine net

Question 53

If the purse seine net is employed in tuna fishing, _ are also trapped in the net and drowned

Answer 53

dolphins

Question 54

In the technique called _, fishers allow the edge of the purse seine to go slack, allowing dolphins to escape

Answer 54

backing down

Question 55

the largest of the tuna

Answer 55

atlantic bluefin tuna

Question 56

is the fish of choice for making the best sushi and sashimi

Answer 56

bluefin tuna

Question 57

Salmon is fished in the coastal waters of the

Answer 57

Pacific Northwest and Alaska

Question 58

breed in freshwater but spend most of their adult lives in the ocean

Answer 58

Salmon

Question 59

raise young fish and return them to the sea, where they can develop into adults and increase the size of the population

Answer 59

ocean ranching or sea ranching

Question 60

What are the problems in salmon fishery

Answer 60

overfishing habitat destruction and modernization pollution

Question 61

timber and charcoal are obtained from

Answer 61

mangrove

Question 62

export of colorful marine tropical fishes like lionfishes, butterflyfishes, and damselfishes

Answer 62

aquarium trade

Question 63

live coral reef fishes are also removed to be sold as _

Answer 63

luxury food item

Question 64

Aquarium trade is most prevalent in

Answer 64

Philippines and Fiji