RESP Flashcards by Claudia Zizzo

WHAT INFECTIONS CAN OCCUR IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

CORYZA

PHARYNGITIS

TONSILITIS

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

SINIBITITIS

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WHAT PATHOGENS CAUSE CROUP

RHINOVIRUS

RSV

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WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS OF CORYZA

ANALGESIA

REASSURENCE

INFORM COUGH CAN LAST FOR 4 WEEKS

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WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF CROUP

RHINORRHEA

SORE THROAT

LOW GRADE FEVER

INSPIRATORY HARSH STRIDOR

BARKING COUGH

RESP DISTRESS/CHEST RECESSION

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WHAT IS THE TREATEMENT OF CROUP

SUPPORTIVE UNLESS O2 SATS DROPPING

THEN

PREDNISIOLONE

NEBULISED ADRENALINE

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WHAT IS PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

SEVERE INFLAMMATION OF URT ASSOCIATED WITH SLOUGHING OF RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM AND MACROPAPULENT SECRETIONS

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WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

HIGH FEVER

ILL LOOKING CHILD

RAPIDLY PROGRESSING OBSTRUCTION

COUPIUS THICK AIRWAY SECRETIONS

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WHAT PATHOGEN CAUSES PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

STAPH AUREUS

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WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

IV ABX - VANCOMYCIN

INTUBATION

VENTILATION

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DEFINE PHARYNGITIS

PHARYNX AND SOFT PALLETTE INFLAMMED

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DEFINE TONSILITIS

A FORM OF PHARYNGITIS MAINLY AFFECTING TONSILS CAUSING INTENSE INFLAMMATION+PURULENT EXUDATE

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WHAT PATHOGEN USUALLY CAUSES PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILITIS

B HEAMOLYTIC STREP

EVB

ADENOVIRUS

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WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF BACTERIAL TONSILITIS

HEADACHE

WHITE EXUDATE

FEVER

CERVIACLE LYMPHADENOPATHY

ABDO PAIN

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WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF PHARYNGITIS

PENICILLIN

ERYTHROMYCIN

AMOXICILLIN

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WHAT IS STRIDOR

A HARSH MUSICAL SOUND DUE TO A PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY

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HOW DO YOU DISTINGUISH THE SEVERITY OF CROUP

NON AUDIBLE

CRYING

RESTING

BIPHASIC

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WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES OF STRIDOR

VIRAL LARYNGOBRONCHITIS

EPIGLOTITIS

FOREIGN BODY

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WHAT ARE CAUSES OF CROUP

PARAINFLUENZA

RHINOVIRUS

(RSV AND INFLUENZA CAN HAVE A SIMILAR PICTURE)

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WHAT IS RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common, and very contagious, virus that infects the respiratory tract

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WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF RSV

cold SX sx - coryza etc

But for a small percentage, infection with RSV can lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis,

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what are the RF for a serious RSV infection

prem

Children<2y w heart or lung disease

Immunocomprimised

Children under 8 to 10 weeks old

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how do you diagnose RSV

nose and throat swab

chest x ray

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what can be given to high risk babies t prevent rsv

palivizumab

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what is acute epiglotitis

intense swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding tissue

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what are the dangers of acute epiglotitis

associated w septicemia can cause airway obstruction

at what ages does acute epiglotitis usually present

1-6y

why is acute epiglotitis rare in uk

HiB vacciene

how do you treeat acute epiglotitis

immidiate intubation (remove after 24hrs) bloods and cultures antibiotics - ceftriaxone + rifampacin for 3-5days rifampacin given to close contacts

what are the differences of acute epiglotitis and croup

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what is bronchiolotis

a common serious respiratory illness due to blockage of small airways in the lungs

what commonly causes bronchiolitis

RSV parainfluenza rhinovirus always viral!

what age group does bronhiolitis affect the most

1-9 months

what is the presentation of bronchiolitis

coryzal sx dry wheezy cough breathlessness feeding difficulties recurrent apnea thachycardia and tachyopnea resp distress signs fine end resp crackles

what investigations are required in bronchiolitis

oximetry c xr blood gasses for resp failure

what is the management of bronchiolitis

o2 fluids CPAP

what is the presentation of asthma

biphasic tendancy wheeze w/o viral infection interval symptoms atopic FHx +ve response to asthma therapy

how do you investigate asthma

peak expiratory flow rate via spirometry improvement of 12% on FEV asthma test

what is the treatment for asthma

mild * SABA * inhaled corticosteriods mod * \<5y = leukotrine receptor agonist * \>5y =LABA Severe * increase Inhaled steroids * add po steroids

list names of asthma medication and their class

b2 agonist = salbutemol anticholinergic = ipatromium bromide ICS = beclomethasone LABA = salmeterol oral steroids = prednisolone leukotrine antagonsist = monteleukast

a parent of a child under 5 is dure her child has asthma. what are the two diagnoses that are correct and why

viral episodic wheeze multiple trigger wheeze asthma cannot be diagnosed in uder 5

why do viruses cause wheeze

mucosal inflmmation and swelling

what is cystic fibrosis

autosomal recessive condition causing mutation of CFTR gene causing lung and pancreatic dysfunction

what is the pathophysiology of CF

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR) is defective. causes abnormal ion (cl-) transport causing thickening of secretions and a reduction in airway liquid layer with impaired cillary fuction also causes disordered immune / inflammatory response

what is the presentation of CF in inflants

thick meconium / meconium ilues prolonged jaundice recurrant chest infections malabsorbtion

what is the presentation of CF in young children

bronchiectasis due to recrrent infections rectal prolapse nasal polyp sinusitis

what can CF cause in teens

diabetes mellitus cirrhosis portal htn allergic bronchopulmonary displasia distal intestinal obstruction pneumothorax male sterility

what are some signs of CF

hyperinflation crepitus expiratory wheeze malabsorbtion steatorrhea

how do yo manage CF

lung physio flucloxacillin profylaxis saline nebs regular azythromycin urseodioxycholic acide Pancreatin enxyme replacement therapy high calorie dies vit suppliements insulin if dm lung/liver transplant

how do you diagnose CF

gurthies test sweat test

what measurement is used to determine progression of CF

FEV1

what infections are common in CF and whatis management

s aureus h influena pseudomonas arginosa burkholderia iv abx

what is acute otitis media

infection and inflammation of the middle ear

when does otitis media commonly present

6-12m

what is the presentation of acute otitis media

pain fever red tympanic membrane +/- pus

name the common viral and bacterial causes of otitis media

viral * rsv * rhinovirus bacterial * strep. pneumoniae * H.influenza

what antibiotics should be used in otitis media

amoxicillin

what are the two kinds of hearing loss

sensorineural conductive

how does hearing loss present in childhood

delayed language and speech behavioural issues learning difficulties

what is the cause of sensorineural hearing loss

cochlea or auditory nerve lesion

how do you manage sensori neural hearing loss

hearing aids regular follow ups cochlear implant lifestyle modifications * sit at front of class * speech therapy * markaton sign language * schools for the deaf

what is conductive hearing loss

usually caused by glue ear (urti) and is less severe than sensorineural hearing loss

how do you investigate deafness

impedence audometry tests (check middle ear pressure) CT/MRI

what is glue ear

common cause of conductive hearing loss otitis media + efffusion causing conductive hearing loss

what are the RF for glue ear

downs cleft pallette atopic hx

what is the management of glue ear

usually resolves on its own within 3m otherwise = decongestants and abx +/- grommets

what are grommets

tympanostomy tubes +/- adenoid removal allows for pressure to equalise and fluid to drain naturally fall out after 6-12m as infection clears and ear heals