Resp Lecture 1 Flashcards by karearea shepherd

Turbinates / conchae

Are ?

Three bones in your nasal cavity that act to increased the sa and mix air
Take part in cleaning warming and humidifier or the air
Superior = smallest
Middle
Inferior= largest

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Epithelium in the upper respiratory/ conduction zone

Epithelium – pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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What is the mucociliary escalator and what dose it do

moves dirt and germs out
mucus that sits on top of cells moved by cilia
cleans and makes moist

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Epithelium in bronchioles

Ciliated cuboidal cells + club cells

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What are club cells

Cells with no cilla so in lower resp

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Cellular respiration

The process where cells creat ATP by breaking down glucose in the presents of O2

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Internal (tissue) respiration

The process of gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid!
And cells which surround them

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External respiration

The process where O2 is absorbed from the outside into blood with in the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 is excreted

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What works to Humidify air

Secretions of seromucous gland

Goblin cells

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What works to finger air

Vibrissae

cilliated epithelium

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What warms air

Rich blood supply under epi

Heat transfer

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What warms cleans and makes air wet

Nasal conchae

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During swallowing, food:

must pass through the oropharynx as it enters the oesophagus.

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Party of air starting at the trachea descending order

trachea
main stem/primary bronchus
lobar/second bronchus
segmental/teritry bronchus
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles (conducting zone ends )
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar ducts
alveolus
alveolus sacs

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Peseudostratified cilliated epithelium - smooth muscle -

Mucous glands - cartilage- alveoli

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Bronchus =

Cartilage plates

Mucus cells and glands

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c. Which type of airway is most dramatically affected during an asthma attack?

Bronchiole
Relative more smooth muscles
Club cells

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Alveolar macrophage role

Phagocytose and remove dust and other particles

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Type 2 alveolar cell secretion and role

Surfactant: reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

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starting in the lumen of the alveolus, describe the order of layers that an oxygen molecule must pass through to reach a red blood cell:

lumen of alveolus
type 1 pneumocystis cell
fused basement membrane of type 1 alveolar cell and endothelial cell
cytoplasm of capillary endothelium
blood plasma
blood cell

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type 1 pneumocystis cell

Very skinny cell lining of alveolus

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The diffusion barrier is approximately how thick?

0.5 µm

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Why are the right and left lungs slightly different in size and shape?

To accommodate the heart

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How many lobes are there in each lung?

3 in the right, 2 in the left

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Each lobe is supplied by a …….. bronchi

Secondary

What do primary bronchi supply

Left and right lung

What do terity bronchi supply

The segments of the lobes of the lungs

Which membrane cover the surface of the lungs

The visceral pleura

The parietal pleura Lines

The thoracic wall

The space between the pleura is called …. And filled with …….

- interapleural space | - serous fluid

During quite breathing inspiration (breathing in ) is caused by the contraction of …… Which move the ribs …….. And the ……….contracts and flattens to ……….

- external intercostal muscles - upwards and outwards - diaphragm - increase the theatric cavity

Expiration during quit breathing is

Passive

During active/forceful expiration the

Internal intercostal muscles are engaged

Two things are essential for ecient exchange

the difusion distance between air and blood must be small, and the surface area over which exchange takes place must be large.

The internal surface area of the lungs is about

100m2

Pulmonary ventilation

breathing) describes the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles, and the diaphragm.

The conducting part of the respiratory system is a series of

cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it. The conducting airways are the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.

The respiratory part of the system comprises the

tiny, thin-walled airways where gases are exchanged between air and blood. The airways are respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli themselves.

the nasal cavity is a

tall, narrow chamber lined with mucous membrane. The wet membrane humidiies and warms inspired air.

Nasal cavity ; | the medial surface is lat, the lateral surface carries

three sloping shelves (conchae) which | increase the surface area of the mucous membrane.

air-illed (paranasal) sinuses open into the cavity. They

lighten the face and add resonance to | the voice.

the roof of the cavity carries the

olfactory epithelium

Turbulence caused by sning carries | air up to the epithelium. Axons of olfactory receptor cells lead towards the

brain through | perforations in the overlying bone, the cribriform plate.

The pharynx is a

vertical passage with three parts, each having an anterior opening.

The pharynx is an airway but also a foodway. In terms of its structure it is primarily part of the

gastrointestinal system.

CONDUCTING ZONE ends at

Terminal bronchioles

The windpipe:/trachea

-12 cm long and as thick as your thumb. - incomplete “C-shaped” rings of cartilage - Free ends of the cartilage are connected by trachealis muscle (smooth) -Lined with a ciliated epithelium (pseudostratiied columnar) -

Cilliated transport from the trachea

Cilia transport a mucous sheet | upwards to the nasopharynx (the “mucociliary escalator”).

Esophagus sits immediately

posterior to the trachea, lying in the shallow groove formed by the trachealis muscle.

In the conducting zone

There is no gas exchange

Respiration is

Transfer of gas across a boundary or membrane

Functional classification

Conducting and respiratory

Structural classification

Upper - nostril - larynx | and lower - trachea- alveoli

How saturated do we want air to be

100% saturated with H2O

What temperature is air in the larynx

What temperature do we want air to be

All air ways are lined with

Liquid of some sort

Respiratory epithelium =

Pseudostratified columer cilliated epithelium | - has Hal let cells to keep from drying out

Seromucus

Glands under epi

How many cilla per cell

100- 300

Cillia beat

10x a sec Move in a power stroke not uniform to move things Moves mucus so we can swallow it \:

Olfactory bulb

- for smell | - bone that have holes

Smoke makes cillia,….

Paralysed | Toxins = more mucus = smokers cough to remove mucus -as cillia cant move it out

Sibuese can fill with mucus and

Become infected !

Olfactory epithelium

Roof of cavity | Foe smell

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx

Nasophaynx Oropharynx = digestive system Laryngopharynx

The respite ray system only branches … | Now branch =

In 2 | Genaration

Below branches 20-23

Infection can cause serous problems