respiration and gas exchange

Question 1

what is respiration

Answer 1

the process of transferring energy from glucose which happens constantly in every living cell

Question 2

what is the energy transferred by reparation used to make

Answer 2

ATP, stores the energy needed for cell process

Question 3

aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

aerobic respiration symbol equation

Answer 4

C6H1206 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 5

when does aerobic respiration occur

Answer 5

when there is plenty of oxygen

Question 6

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 6

glucose –> lactic acid

Question 7

when does anaerobic respiration occur

Answer 7

when your body cant supply enough oxygen to your muscles

Question 8

how efficient is anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

releases much less energy than aerobic, glucose is only partially broken down

Question 9

what is the problem with lactic acid

Answer 9

builds up in the muscles, gets painful and leads to cramps

Question 10

anaerobic respiration in plants equation

Answer 10

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 11

what indicator is used to show that organisms produce CO2 as they respire

Answer 11

hydrogen-carbonate indicator

Question 12

hydrogen-carbonate indicator colour change

Answer 12

orange –> yellow in CO2

Question 13

how do plants exchange gases

Answer 13

diffusion

Question 14

what is diffusion

Answer 14

the random movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 15

what does the net exchange of gases depend on

Answer 15

light intensity

Question 16

what happens to gas exchange in plants at night/low light intensity

Answer 16

plants only respire, there is not enough light for photosynthesis

Question 17

why are leaves broad

Answer 17

large surface area for diffusion

Question 18

why are leaves thin

Answer 18

gases only have to travel a short distance to reach the cells

Question 19

why are there air spaces in the leaves

Answer 19

lets gases like CO2 and O2 move easily between cells, increases surface area also

Question 20

what is the purpose of the stomata

Answer 20

little holes to let gases diffuse in and out, also allow transpiration to occur

Question 21

what happens to the stomata as it gets dark

Answer 21

it closes, they don’t need to be open to let in CO2 as they can’t photosynthesise

Question 22

what happens to the stomata when supplies of water from the roots starts to dry up

Answer 22

it closes, stops plant from photosynthesising but if they didn’t close the plant may dry up and die

Question 23

what is the movement of stomata controlled by

Answer 23

the guard cells, they change their shape and volume

Question 24

what are the lungs surrounded by

Answer 24

pleural membrane

Question 25

what muscles run between the ribs

Answer 25

intercostal muscles

Question 26

what does the trachea split into

Answer 26

2 tubes called bronchi

Question 27

what do the bronchi split into

Answer 27

bronchioles

Question 28

where does the gas exchange occur in the lungs

Answer 28

alveoli

Question 28

where does the gas exchange occur in the lungs

Answer 28

alveoli

Question 29

what happens to the intercostal muscles when you inhale

Answer 29

contract

Question 30

what happens to the diaphragm when you inhale

Answer 30

contract

Question 31

what happens to the thorax volume when you inhale

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

why is air drawn in when you inhale

Answer 32

the pressure inside the thorax decreases, lower than the pressure out side, forcing air into the lung

Question 33

what happens to the intercostal muscles when you exhale

Answer 33

relax

Question 34

what happens to the diaphragm when you exhale

Answer 34

relax

Question 35

what happens to the thorax volume when you exhale

Answer 35

decreases

Question 36

why is air forced out when you exhale

Answer 36

the pressure in the thorax is greater than outside, so air is forced out

Question 37

what do you use to investigate the release of carbon dioxide in your breath

Answer 37

limewater clear --> cloudy

Question 38

where does blood passing the alveoli come from

Answer 38

the rest of the body, deoxygenated

Question 39

what happens when deoxygenated blood passes by the alveoli

Answer 39

oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood, CO2 diffuses out go the blood and into the alveoli

Question 40

what happens when the newly oxygenated blood reaches body cells

Answer 40

oxygen is released from red blood cells and diffuses into the body cells, CO2 diffuses out of the body cells into the blood where its carried back to the lungs

Question 41

why are there so many alveoli

Answer 41

the number gives the lungs a huge surface area

Question 42

why do the alveoli have a moist lining

Answer 42

for gases to dissolve in

Question 43

why do alveoli have very thin walls

Answer 43

wall are one cell thick, so the gases don't have far to diffuse

Question 44

why do the alveoli have a good blood supply

Answer 44

to maintain a high concentration gradient

Question 45

why are the alveoli walls permeable

Answer 45

so gases can diffuse across easily

Question 46

how does smoking damage the lungs

Answer 46

damages walls inside alveoli reducing the surface area for gas exchange

Question 47

what is the effects of tar in cigarettes

Answer 47

damages the cilia in lungs and trachea, when they are damaged they catch less dust and bacteria leading to chest infection

Question 48

what is the effect of carbon monoxide in cigarettes

Answer 48

reduces the amount go oxygen red blood cells carry, leading to an increase in blood pressure, leading to coronary heart disease

Question 49

what is the effect of carcinogens in cigarettes

Answer 49

chemicals that lead to cancer