Respiration and metabolism

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The process of breaking down glucose to transfer energy which occurs in every cell

Question 2

Is respiration Exothermic or endothermic

Answer 2

Exothermic

Question 3

How do organisms use energy transferred by respiration

Answer 3

-build larger molecules from smaller ones
—>eg proteins from amino acids
-allows muscles to contract
-used to maintain body temperature
—>keep body warm

Question 4

What is metabolism

Answer 4

The sum of all the reactions that happen in a cell or the body

Question 5

What are chemical reactions controlled by

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Examples of larger molecules being made from smaller ones

-glucose
-lipids
-glucose

Answer 6

-glucose molecules join to form, starch (storage in plant cells), glycogen (storage in animal cells) and cellulose (for cell walls)
-lipid molecules are made from glycerol and 3 fatty acids
-glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which then form proteins

Question 7

Examples of larger molecules being broken down into smaller ones

-glucose
-proteins

Answer 7

-glucose in broken down in respiration to transfer enegery to power all reactions in the body
-excess protein in broken down to produce urea

Question 8

What is anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Anaerobic:
-respiration without …
-the … breakdown of … making … acid
-takes place when the body can’t … enough …

Aerobic:
-respiration using …
-most … way to transfer … from g…

Answer 8

Anaerobic:
-respiration without oxygen
-the incomplete breakdown of glucose making lactic acid
-takes place when the body can’t supply enough oxygen

Aerobic:
-respiration using oxygen
-most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose

Question 9

Where do the most aerobic respiration reactions happen inside

Answer 9

Mitochondria

Question 10

Word and symbol equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 10

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

Word and symbol equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

Glucose -> lactic acid
C₆H₁₂O₆ ->2 C₃H₆O₃

Question 12

What happens in anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

Glucose isn’t fully oxidised so lactic acid is produced

Question 13

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 13

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 14

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called

Answer 14

Fermentation

Question 15

What is fermentation used to make

Answer 15

Bread and alcohol

Question 16

How is fermentation used in breadmaking

Answer 16

The carbon dioxide makes the bread rise

Question 17

How is fermentation used in alcohol making

Answer 17

Fermentation produces alcohol

Question 18

Why do you respire more when you exercise (aerobically)

-… need energy from r… to c…
-when you exercise muscles … more … so more … is needed
-this comes from increased …
-more … means c… need more o…
-this means your b.. rate and … increases to get more … into the blood and your … rate increases to p… the o… blood around the … faster
-this removes … more quickly as you e…

Answer 18

-muscles need energy from respiration to contract
-when you exercise muscles contract more frequently so more energy is needed
-this comes from increased respiration
-more respiration means cells need more oxygen
-this means your breath rate and volume increases to get more O2 into the blood and your heart rate increases to pump the oxygenated blood around the body faster
-this removes CO2 more quickly as you exhale

Question 19

What happens when you do vigorous exercise

-your body can’t … enough … to your m… quickly enough so they start respiring …
-this is not the most … way to transfer … from g… as lactic … builds up in the …
-… acid if formed from the … oxidation of …

Answer 19

-your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles quickly enough so they start respiring anaerobically
-this is not the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose as lactic acid builds up in the muscles
-lactic acid if formed from the incomplete oxidation of glucose

Question 20

What do long periods of exercise cause

Answer 20

Muscle fatigue, the muscles get tired and stop contracting efficiently

Question 21

What type of respiration leads to an oxygen debt

Answer 21

Anaerobic respiration

Question 22

What is an oxygen debt

Answer 22

The amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acid to remove it from the cells

Question 23

How is lactic acid removed from the body

Answer 23

-Oxygen reacts with the build up of lactic acid to remove it from cells
-oxygen reacts with it to form CO2 and water

Question 24

Investigating the effect of exercise on the body

-measure … rate by counting b… and heart rate by taking the p…
-get … groups of a … number of people, one group will w…, one will j…, one will s… and one will s…, and one will sit s…
-after … mins of each … measure the … or breathing rate
-calculate an … heart/breathing …
-… your results on a … chart, with type of … on the x axis and pulse rate/… per m… on y axis
-… variables: a.., g…, no h… p…, t… of day

Answer 24

-measure breathing rate by counting breaths and heart rate by taking the pulse
-get 5 groups of a large number of people, one group will walk, one will jog, one will sprint and one will swim, and one will sit still
-after 5 mins of each exercise measure the heart or breathing rate
-calculate an average heart/breathing rate
-plot your results on a bar chart, with type of exercise on the x axis and pulse rate/breaths per min on y axis
-control variables: age, gender, no health problems, time of day