respiration investigation Flashcards
(16 cards)
Chest X Ray use
identifies infiltrates, effusions, masses, hyperinflation and structural abnormalities
limitation of Chest X-ray
2d view
low sensitivity for lung disease
CT use for lungs
More detailed 3D visualisation of the lungs and surrounding structures compared to the 2D image provided by a CXR
Essential in evaluating ILD, bronchiectasis, emphysema, lung nodules
more sophisticated view
disadvantage of CT
more radiation
chest MRI advantages
More detailed 3D visualisation of the lungs and surrounding structures compared to the 2D image provided by a CXR
Essential in evaluating ILD, bronchiectasis, emphysema, lung nodules
use of chest MRI
To investigate or diagnose specific conditions such as abnormal lymph nodes, birth defects of the heart, blood vessel problems, and mediastinal tumours
Assessment of the lung apices, diaphragm, and spinal column
Evaluation of pleural disease
Assessment of local tumour extension, particularly chest wall invasion, and delineation of blood vessel invasion
Metastatic invasion of bone marrow
Serial and long-term follow-up of patients with cystic fibrosis
ABG
The normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45.
The normal range for PaCO2 is 35 – 45 mmHg.
The normal range for HCO3- is 22 – 26 mEq/L
The normal range for PaO2 is 80 – 100 mmHg
FEV
FORCED EXPIRATION VENTILATION
FVC
FORCED VITAL CAPACITY
FEF
FORCED EXPIRATORY FLOW
PEF
PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW
SPIROMETRY restrictive vs obstructive
if FEV1/ FVC
if it is less than 70 percent it is obstructive
if it is greater than 70 percent but the TLC is less than 80 percent= restrictive
spirometry how to tell if there is air flow obstruction
FEV1 OR FVC is less than 80 percent
spirometry obstructive
mild= 60-80 percent
moderate- 40-50
serve= 40 percent less
spirometry restrictive
TLC
mild- 65-80
mod=50-65
serve- less than 50
gas exchange information
DLCO
diffusion lung capacity
