musculoskeletal pathophysiology

Question 1

define acute injuries

Answer 1

result from single identifiable trauma where strain and stress exceed tissue

Question 2

muscle contusion

Answer 2

sudden heavy compressive force which damages muscle fibres and rupture microvessels
pain= blood pressure exerting on nerve

intramuscular- within muscle= compartment syndrome

intermuscular- sorround

x treat with massage or heat

Question 3

muscle strain or tear

Answer 3

muscle fibres fail to cope with stress

Question 4

muscle strain 1st degree

Answer 4

minor swelling and pain
no/ minimal loss of strength
no/ minimal loss of movement
tear of few fibres

Question 5

muscle strain 2nd degree

Answer 5

significant swelling/ pain
pain on contraction
decrease strength
decrease ROM
significant tear of fibres

Question 6

muscle strain 3rd degree

Answer 6

complete tear/ rupture
loss of muscular function

Question 7

skeletal muscle muscle repair

Answer 7

1. inflammation- necrosis formation of haematoma
2. proliferation- regeneration of myofibre/ production connective scar tissue
3. maturation- maturation of mypfibre/ retract scar tissue/ recover muscle

Question 8

chronic muscle injuries

Answer 8

repetitive microtrauma- adhersion/ cross linkage/ thickening bands and area

compartment syndrome- local swelling pain in activity no pain after

muscle soreness/ DOMS lactice acid/ muscle spasm

cramps- painful involuntary muscle contraction

Question 9

tendon tear

Answer 9

complete/ partial

sudden onsit/ sudden tenderness

Question 10

ligament sprain

Answer 10

abnormal and excessive movement of a joint

Question 11

sprain grade 1

Answer 11

stretched fibres// still have full ROM

Question 12

sprain grade 2

Answer 12

stressed/ torn fibres// increase laxity

Question 13

sprain grade 3

Answer 13

complete tear/ excessive joint laxity

Question 14

fractures

Answer 14

sudden stress

transverse/
oblique
spiral
comminuted
segmental
butterfly
impacted

Question 15

deformity of fracture

Answer 15

angulation
shortening
rotation

Question 16

objectives of treatment of fractures

Answer 16

reduction- restore fractured bones to o.g postion

imobilisation- prevent movement

preservation- rehab exercise restore normal

Question 17

bone healing

Answer 17

heamtoma
fibrin meshwork
seals off fracture
develop new capilary bed

fibrocartilaginous cells
fibroblast
osteoblast— osification

osteogenic cells
trabeculae bone forms

compact bone replace spongy may heal thicker

Question 18

muscle strains are as a result of

Answer 18

shear forces and tensile forces

Question 19

3 stages of tendinopathy

Answer 19

reactive phase
disrepair
degenerative