Respiration Pmt Flashcards
(10 cards)
Determine how many carbons are in citrate, a-ketoglutarate and succinate (1)
Citrate-6
A-ketoglutarate -5
Succinate - 4
Explain how u got these figures (2)
. 4C oxaloacetate plus 2 acetyl
. 1C lost/ isocitrate is decarboxylated
. a ketoglutarate decarboxylated
Briefly describe how reduced FAD and reduced NAD are used to create an electrochemical gradient (4)
. Reduced NAD and reduced FAD pass electrons to electron transport chain
. The high energy electron
. Used to power proton pumps
. On inner mitochondrial membrane which pump H+ into inner membrane space
Suggest a tissue to examine mitochondrial function and explain why you have chosen this tissue is respect to patient safety (2)
Skeletal muscle
High number of mitochondria and easy to access
What could be deduced if oxygen consumption was low with pyruvate as a substrate but high with a-ketoglutarate as a substrate (2)
. Low with pyruvate
. Enzyme are not active
. No reduced NAD for electron transport chain so no o2 needed
What could be deduced if there was a build up of any one of the kreb cycle intermediate (1)
Build up of reduced NAD and FAD
Explain why there is a raised blood lactate level in many patients with mitochondrial disease (2)
. Kreb cycle is not working
. Pyruvate level build up
. Excess pyruvate converted to lactate
Describe briefly what happens to a molecule of carbon dioxide removed in this way in a human (3)
. Diffuses out of Mitocondria
. Into blood
. Carried as hydrogen carbonate ions
. Breathed out
Describe the way which reduced NAD is produced in kreb cycle (3)
. Dehydrogenation
. Removal of hydrogen ion
. Series of reaction
. 5 pair of hydrogen
. Reduced NAD
Explain what happens to reduced NAD under aerobic condition and why it is essential for glycolisis to continue (2)
Pyruvate is used to form lactic acid
Regenerate NAD
