Respiration - ventiliation and gas exchange Flashcards
(53 cards)
What is hypervenitlation?
excessive ventiatioic atop of metabolic demand
so reduced pressure CO2 and alkalosis
Label this graph of lung volume changes
what is tidal volume?
normal air in and out
What is inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume?
in - extra amount you could get
ex - the air left in your lungs, to hold lung strucutre
What is vital capacity and total lung capacity?
What is functional residual capactiy?
everything below our default position
what is inspiratory capacity?
amount of air from default position i.e relaxed state of our lungs
How do you calculate minute ventilation (L/minute)?
gas entering and leabing lungs
tidal volume x breathing frequenecy
What is alveolar ventialiation?
the air entering and leaving Leaving alveoli
(tidal volume - dead space) x breathing freq
factors affect lung volumes and capaicty
body size - e.g overweight doesn’t mean have bigger lungs mainly height
sex - gentically men larger lung volume and total capacity
disease - break down tissues, can go up and down
age
fitness- larger volume
what is conducting zone?
small volume, anatomical dead space
What is non-perfused parenchyma?
alveoli without blood, no gas exhcange
aveolar dead space
What is the physiological dead space made of?
non-perfused parenchyma
and conducting zone
what is respiration zone?
gas exhange
alveolar ventilation
What can increase dead space?
anaethetic circuit snorkerlling
What can decrease dead space?
tracheostomy - take out trachea
cricothyrocotomy
What tendency do lungs and chest wall ahve?
chest wall - spring out
lung - recoid inwards
What is the functional residnaul capacity?
eqilirum at end- tidal expiration
between chest recoil and lung recoil
How do you change this balance?
inspiratioru muscles combing with chest recoil, outwarsds
expiratory combine with lung to inwards
distort eqlibirum
What is lung surroned by?
visceral pleural membrane
What is the inner surface of chest wall covered by?
parietal pleural membrane
What is the pleural cavity?
What is improant about it?
fixed volume and contains protien rich pleural fluid
What could intrapleural bleeding and pneumothorax do?
bleed- prevent ability to breathe
perforated wall - puncture causes air to be sucked in and lung collapse
What are 2 ways of air perssure flow? i.e how do we get air into lungs
from HIGH to LOW
-ve perssure: alveoli p lower than atm, so sucks in air
+ve: incrase pressure in atm higher than alveoli causing air in
